MOŽNOSTI KOMBINOVANEJ DOPRAVY V ŽILINSKOM KRAJI COMBINED TRANSPORT FEASIBILITIES IN THE ŽILINA REGION MOŽNOSTI KOMBINOVANEJ DOPRAVY V ŽILINSKOM KRAJI COMBINED TRANSPORT FEASIBILITIES IN THE ŽILINA REGION

international transport. region of Žilina a suitable geographic location, communication possibilities and a sufficient potential for goods transport in combined transport systems. from its geographical position. Improvement of the economic situation and utilisation of logistics in circulation create preconditions for building and efficient exploitation of a modern combined transport terminal as a part of freight village.

V tomto článku sa analyzujú podmienky a možnosti efektívneho využitia kombinovanej dopravy v žilinskom regióne. Región je tvorený okresmi Žilinského kraja a okresmi v susediacich krajoch, Combined transport is considered to be one of possible ways of solution of the environment in international transport. The region of Žilina has a suitable geographic location, excellent communication possibilities and a sufficient potential for goods transport in combined transport systems. resulting from its geographical position. Improvement of the economic situation and utilisation of logistics in circulation processes create preconditions for building and efficient exploitation of a modern combined transport terminal as a part of freight village.

Introduction
Combined transport is defined as an intermodal transport of goods in one load unit (ISO container, swap body or the whole truck) by two transport modes at least, while the initial and the final transports by road freight traffic are as short as possible. Combined transport at present extreme increase of road freight traffic and environmental problems resulting from it is considered as one of possible ways of solution of sustainable transport in Europe owing to its lower loading of the environment.
Practical knowledge from combined transport performance show that combined transport to be competitive in the liberalised transport market in Europe must fulfil the following basic conditions: -Transport distance will be longer than 300 -400 km, however, in exceptional cases, e. g. overcoming extreme geographical obstacles, it can be shorter; -Transport will be performed on regular combined transport lines, the best in shuttles with a better use of transport capacity; -Quality of goods delivery will be on the level of road freight traffic at least.
From the point of view of smaller territorial units like small European countries, e.g. Slovakia or even smaller units, e. g. regions, it is apparent that the combined traffic can be provided effectively only in case of international goods transport.

Combined Transport Potential
A basic assumption for regular combined transport lines between two localities is sufficiently strong and balanced traffic flow of goods suitable for transport in combined transport systems. Potential results from economic power of the respective territory and international railway, road and water transport and import and export in the specified territorial its foreign relationship, i. e. volume of goods in unit. On the base of international goods railway and road transport data in 1999 year a combined transport potential was derived. The potential are represented by goods which is appropriate for carriage in combined transport systems.
Combined Transport Potential in the Žilina region, Table 1 in thous. ton Goods potential for combined transport is concentrated in two districts: the Žilina district having more than double volume than the Ružomberok district. In the Table 1 it is shown that export exceeded import twice in the given year. From a more detailed analysis of traffic directions results that westwards transport constitutes 50% of total combined transport potential, i. e. more than 600 thous. ton with relatively balanced export-import share, south-east. South-west and north transports constitutes about 15 %, the rest is eastwards transport. From the above results that the condition of goods flow sufficiency for effective combined transport is fulfilled in westwards direction and back. Approximately 5 % of West transport is directed to and from Dutch, German and Belgium ports.
From the above potential 3.0 thous. ton were loaded in the Žilina terminal and 3,38 thous. ton in the Ružomberok terminal in 1998. In 1999 in the Žilina terminal 0 ton (terminal was out of operation) and in the Ružomberok terminal 40.33 thous. ton of goods. The volume of transported goods in 1999 constitutes only 3.27 % share of the combined transport potential in the region.

Transport Accessibility and Infrastructure Services of the Territory for Combined Transport
Important railway routes of the national and international transport pass the Žilina Region. These are main transport corri- Teoretická kapacita kontajnerového prekladiska v Ružomberku je dostatočná na prepravu horeuvedeného potenciálu. Jestvujúci koľajový žeriav umožňuje manipulovať len kontajnery veľkosti ISO 1C, prípadne výmenné nadstavby triedy C.
Vzhľadom na predpokladaný terminál kombinovanej dopravy a funkcie medzinárodného terminálu navrhujeme vybudovať terminál zmiešaného typu (II), vybavený na prekládku všetkých druhov dors specified by the TINA project (access to the European transport network for associated countries of the Central and East Europe) and from the combined transport point of view two railway lines integrated in AGTC (Agreement on the Most Important Combined Transport Lines and Related Objects) cross the town of Žilina; the lines marked as C-E 40 West-East and C-E 63 North-South. At present the lines are through with short traffic limitations. The motorway will pass close to both towns Žilina and Ružomberok and there will be West-East and North-South directions crossed in Žilina.
There are two terminals of combined transport, which were built before 1998 as a part of the container transport system construction. Terminals are property of the Slovak Railways, a.s., which are rent on contract. The Žilina terminal is out of operation at present which is caused by both transport attenuation and trading policy of SKD INTRANS a. s. (Inc.) operator, which is the organized unit of CSKD Intrans Prague, a. s., with the Dutch capital majority participation. The terminal in Ružomberok is operated by the Czech operator METRANS Ltd.
A theoretical capacity of the container tranship centre in Ružomberok is sufficient for transport of the above stated potential. The existing track crane enables handling only ISO 1C containers or class C swap bodies.
A design capacity of the container trans-centre in Žilina is only half regarding the transport of the possible combined potential, it corresponds neither in space nor arrangement, nor equipment for handling containers bigger than ISO IC, nor handling other load units of combined transport.

Proposal for Infrastructure Services of Combined Transport for the Žilina Region
Despite a stagnation of transport on railways and attenuation of transport in combined transport during 1990 -1996 caused by the transition to the market economy in Slovakia we expect that an important transport location of the Žilina region on the crossing of two directions of international transport together with expected revitalisation of the Slovak economy, as well as a gradual introduction of logistics as the way for circulation processes control make an impulse for a combined transport infrastructure development. Basically, the transport orientation has been not changed and West-East transport would acquire new dimensions despite attenuation of transport today. We also expect development of South-North transport from the Adriatic sea ports. Railway transport decrease was displayed in some projects concerning the Žilina region, e.g. stop of construction of the big marshalling yard in Žilina -Teplicka. We consider this location perspective from point of view of freight village construction, the part of which will be a modern terminal of combined transport.
Considering the supposed combined transport terminal and international terminal functions we suggest to build a mix type terminal (II class) equipped for transshipment of all types of combined transport load units. It will be the junction and border
terminal of an international importance. The terminal is designed in two alternatives; for the track crane width of 27 m (A alternative) or 22 m (B alternative) with a possibility of territorial and capacity development of the advanced type terminal (I class). The terminal capacity is derived from the range of its construction, i. e. in the basic or extended alternative the capacity will reach 31460 -36300 load units of the combined transport per year in the first stage; i.e. 114 transshipped load units per 16 hours and after its extension 190 -248 load units are expected to be transshipped per 16 hours, which corresponds with 52433 -68566 load units handled per year.
The terminal will provide customs services with the frontier customs authority. In addition it will provide services for maintenance and repair of handling equipment, as well as services for vehicle crews in RoLa transport, including lodging capacities. There are 22 -45 operators expected in the terminal operation, depending on the range of activities.
Expected capital costs depend to the alternative and stages of the construction and they will be from 250 mil. Sk to 315 mil. Sk, in current prices. The propoed terminal scheme is in Fig. 1.

Conclusion
The Žilina region, the town of Žilina especially, have excellent communication possibilities for goods transport resulting from its geographical position. However, it lags in economic efficiency after the strongest Slovak regions. Inevitable assumptions for realisation of the given project are, however, also an improvement of the economic situation in the Slovak Republic, foreign capital income, especially, in production and storage capacities, and logistics introduction in circulation processes.