EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MAXIMUM STRESSES IN THE STATIONARY HOIST DESIGN IN THE ANSYS SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT

Resume The authors have studied the methods of loading bulk cargo in the railway transport. The developed method of loading bulk cargoes into containers transported by railway platforms has been developed. The article deals with experimental studies of maximum stresses in the design of the proposed stationary hoist. The studies have been carried out in the ANSYS software environment with development of simulation models of the hoist design.

infrastructure to ensure the loading and unloading of bulk cargo into containers.
The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that China began demanding to deliver grain in containers loaded in big bags, where the human presence during loading and unloading operations is minimized and forklifts came to the rescue. The practice has shown that containers arriving at the station are promptly accepted, unloaded, overloaded by the Chinese side, so, there are fewer delays. Since the issue of loading wheat into rail containers in bulk has not been fully resolved, one can confidently say that the potential of container transportation in rail transport is not fully used.
Considering the difference in railway gauge, when transporting goods through the new Asia-European Continental Bridge, it is necessary to transship cargo twice during the transportation to Europe. As a result, duration of the goods' transportation increases accordingly, at the transshipment point of the border port, goods are likely to be delayed. A certain difference in gauge exists in Asian and European countries. One of the solutions will be containerization and development of the intermodal transportation.
It is obvious that the increase in intermodal

Introduction
The growth of container traffic is a global trend; this is also typical for the countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan). A special role is played by the general advantages of containers: their convenience and economy in the freight transportation. Economic and geographical factors, development of the Central Asia countries' economies, as well as development of the Chinese economy resulted in the railway freight traffic with Europe becoming very important. Thus, development of a method to improve the efficiency of loading operations for containers transported by railway platforms is an urgent task.
In 2010, at the meeting, representatives of the NC "Kazakhstan Temir Zholy" JSC (Kazakhstan Railways) and the Ministry of Railways of China decided that wheat would be transported in containers and a necessary condition for transportation would be tare the cargo in 50 kg bags [1]. However, this is a very time-consuming process, since it is necessary to transship each bag at transshipment points. Despite the fact that bulk cargo requires bulk transportation, the decision to transport bagged wheat is due to the lack of the necessary of which is mentioned in the paper of colleagues, where the process associated with the operation conducted on intermodal transport units, for example a large type A container, including inter alia: simple operations and combinations of operations (so-called combined cycles) were presented [6]. However, this transport and technological system, where a tractor-trailer is used, cannot be implemented when loading the bulk cargo into containers on railway tracks, in the cramped conditions of agricultural elevators.
The solution of this problem would contribute to the growth dynamics of the export potential of bulk cargoes, by improving the transport infrastructure.
To solve this problem, at Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, the authors of this article have developed the design of a stationary hoist ( Figure 2) for loading containers transported by railway platforms [7].
The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of loading the bulk cargo into containers transported by railway platforms. The specified technical transport is a natural phenomenon [2]. When analyzing the freight transportation in containers, in the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past years, a sharp increase in container traffic was observed since 2017, while since 2018 this figure has been growing with an arithmetic progression ( Figure 1) [3].
The growth dynamics of container traffic shows that, if needed, it is possible to organize the loading of returnable containers from the bulk cargo with other types of imported cargo in order to exclude empty containers from entering the country or to organize multimodal transportation along other routes, Figure 1.
As a result of reviewing and analyzing design solutions of loading and unloading bulk cargoes [4][5], it can be said that the developed devices only perform loading into road or rail vehicles and there are currently no devices for loading bulk cargoes into containers for their transportation by railway platforms. A good solution to the problem could be the use of tractortrailers, the so-called reach stackers, by the way, the work  hoist ( Figure 2) for loading the grain cargo into containers on railway platforms. To achieve this purpose, it is necessary to solve the following tasks [8]: • to plan the procedure for carrying out experimental studies of the "container-hoist" system; • to establish the influencing factors and output indicators; • to select the number of test trials and test positions [8][9] To determine the rational design parameters, the article presents a detailed study of the proposed lift design with development of a simulation model in the ANSYS software environment.

Purpose and plan of experimental studies
The purpose of experimental studies was to confirm the operability of the proposed design of a stationary

Experimental studies
Simulation computations represent a very effective tool for investigating operational characteristics and behaviours of constructions without having a real product [12]. Simulation modeling of the design of a stationary hoist in the ANSYS software environment has begun with development of sketches by size and then, using the ANSYS tools, the simulation models of the developed stationary hoist in 4 test positions were obtained (Figure 4).
After developing the simulation models for the design of the developed stationary hoist in the ANSYS software environment, when carrying out experimental studies: • the properties of construction materials have been set; • the forces and directions of forces acting on the structure have been given; • the process of calculation by the finite element method has been performed, taking into account all the specified parameters.
the "container-hoist" system, implemented in the form of simulation models in the ANSYS software environment [10], which have been designed to solve the goal of the experiment. This system can be represented as a "black box" of a singlefactor experiment, where the input influencing factor is the stress (F i /S, MPa) and the output parameter (response function) is mechanical stress (σ Ei , MPa). Thus, the registration of the output parameter in a single-factor experiment is carried out with considering the influence of one factor and determining one value of the output parameter. Based on the above conditions and according to the Methodology of rational planning of experiments [11], for obtaining the results, it is necessary to perform N=1 1 =1 experiments for each planned loading: 25 t; 35 t; 45 t; 55 t; 65 t; 75 t; 85 t; 95 t. Thus, for experimental studies, it is accepted to carry out 8 loadings for the selected positions of the developed stationary hoist (Figure 3), i.e. 32 test trials for 4 test positions environment [10]. 3. Carrying out experimental studies in the ANSYS software environment.
When performing the experimental studies in the ANSYS software environment, it is necessary to: • perform the simulation modeling of the stationary hoist design;   Figure 5 Results of the first test trial for a position I -90° (see Table 1) When carrying out experimental studies of the "container-hoist" system, 32 test runs have been performed (Table 1)  After carrying out experimental studies of the "container-hoist" system, the results of 32 test trials for 4 test positions have been plotted on a grid of rectangular

Acknowledgement
This research has was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP14869550, "Design and study of a stationary hoist for loading grain cargo into containers transported by railway platforms").
of a stationary hoist increase as the load increases.
A comparison of the theoretical calculations results, performed in the Mathcad application program ( Table 2), to results of experimental studies (Table 1), performed in the ANSYS software environment, has in general confirmed the adequacy of the calculated values and the error does not exceed 30 %.

Conclusions
To increase the export potential of the bulk cargoes of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the authors of this article have proposed a stationary hoist design for loading the bulk cargo into containers transported by railway platforms. The proposed method was patented in the Derwent patent database, Clarivate Analytics [7].
To determine the rational design parameters, the stationary hoist operation has been simulated in the ANSYS software environment. Total of 32 test trials