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Errata: Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina, 2026, 28(1), p. C1-C9, https://doi.org/10.26552/com.C.2026.012, Enhancing the Transport Safety through Disdrometer-Based Environmental Sensing

To remain competitive, authorities had to apply artificial intelligence, especially in logistics. This study’s aim was to examine how the digital transformation and artificial intelligence create new opportunities for economic growth in the logistics industry, with a particular focus on Kyrgyzstan. Implementation remains low. Policies aim to develop the sector but are insufficient for international competitiveness. The AI can address logistical challenges, optimize routes, improve management, and reduce costs. The key issues - low digitalization, shortage of specialists, and weak infrastructure - can be mitigated through sound policies. The results provide insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders on leveraging AI and digital transformation to boost economic performance in logistics.

Errata: Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina, 2022, 24(3), p. B228-B238, https://doi.org/10.26552/com.C.2022.3.B228-B238, Prediction of the ultra-large container ships' propulsion power at the initial design stage

The purpose of the study was to identify problematic issues in the operation of bucket elevators during the loading and unloading of grain, which can lead to damage to seeds. To achieve this goal, methods of analysis and evaluation of factors that affect the damage rate of grain were used. The main results were an increase in the safety of the grain loading and unloading process using bucket elevators and a reduction in the risks of crop losses. The analysis of grain damage by a bucket elevator is of practical importance for the agricultural sector and can bring the following practical benefits: reducing the risk of product losses, as it helps to identify problem areas in the operation of the elevator and develop measures to eliminate them, improving the efficiency of work and the quality of seed grain.

Digital transformation driven by AI and IoT is reshaping transport systems and challenging traditional management frameworks. In this study is evaluated the effectiveness of innovation strategies through a system of composite indices. Using the secondary data from the European Commission JRC, Eurostat and Precedence Research, the economic modelling is applied - including a multilevel CAGR decomposition with logarithmic representation - to examine growth rates and structural coefficients. The Smart Transport sector (CAGR 15.3%) grows three times faster than the traditional ITS market (5.1%) and is projected to reach €219.98 billion by 2028. Recommendations include diversifying investment sectors, raising R&D intensity, and integrating innovative management practices. Future research should focus on longitudinal monitoring of R&D transformation into practical transport innovations.

Indonesian Aviation Act 1/2009, which has been adopted for more than 14 years ago, was made to accommodate the ICAO's Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (USOAP) findings in 2007, which highlighted the need for legislative changes to reduce air transport accidents in Indonesia. The Act regulates two aspects of aviation activity, covering the public and private. The public sector regulates aircraft activities in Indonesia's airspace, certain issues are missed owing to (the) controversy over its legal terminology. In the private sector, the jurisdiction issue and applicability of the Act have consequently regarding the applicability of the Montreal Convention 1999 was ratified by Indonesia in 2016. In this paper were examined some provisions in the Act by normative juridical and comparative approaches, emphasizing the urgent need for legal reform. It is ultimately recommended to amending the Act to align it with current conditions.

In this article, the authors present a study on artificial intelligence (AI) integration in transportation and storage SMEs, focusing on research questions, literature reviews, hypotheses, sample selection, and data analysis. They explored current AI support and perceptions and plans of SMEs in this sector. The authors addressed the lack of literature on AI use in transport SMEs and investigated factors, such as AI adoption, benefits perception, company size correlation, and investment willingness. Data was collected from 163 SMEs in Serbia and Slovakia, revealing challenges in participant identification due to low AI use. Declining AI adoption rates authors attributed to financial, technological, regulatory, and awareness issues. The research aims to enhance the AI adoption in transportation and storage SMEs and give some directions for future work.

Indonesia's transport sector has experienced rapid growth that has caused excessive fossil fuel energy consumption. Over 2000 to 2016 total final energy consumption in Indonesia's transport sector has grown by 10% per annum so that transport now provides a large and rapidly growing component of total energy use. This study analyzes the specific characteristics of energy intensity in the transportation sector in Indonesia from 2000 to 2016 by employing a multiplicative Log Mean Divisia Index-II. The passenger transport sector in Indonesia, including the four modes of road, rail, water and air is examined in this study. Overall, the decline in energy intensity in passenger transport is attributed to the intensity effect. In passenger transport, the improvement of intensity effect was found to have significantly reduced the overall aggregate energy intensity, while the change in structural effect was found to have a relatively small reduction in the aggregate energy intensity.

This article deals with the issue of safety within the road freight transport sector with regards to the securing of cargo on a vehicle. The first part of the article focuses on the legal framework that regulates this issue in the Czech Republic. The second part is based on a case study and survey conducted among drivers of the road freight transport vehicles into their awareness of what they understand is meant by securing and secure cargo. The case study was carried out in a specific transport company and includes an analysis of the current situation and concrete measures for improving safety while securing timber for transport.

The Internet of Vehicle (IoV) is revolutionizing the automobile sector by allowing vehicles to interact between them and with roadside infrastructure. The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a vital component of such Autonomous vehicles (AVs), allowing communication between various Electronic Control Units (ECUs). However, the CAN protocol's intrinsic lack of security renders it opens to a variety of cyber-attacks, posing substantial hazards to both safety and privacy. This research proposes a defence mechanism for the real-time threat detection. It investigates the use of deep learning with multi-layer perceptron to improve the security of CAN networks inside the IoV framework. The suggested method is highly effective in identifying and mitigating potential risks, as evidenced by extensive testing on real-world CAN datasets.

The automotive industry has lately been undergoing major changes having a considerable impact on the whole vehicle sector. This does not only refer to what is technologically new on vehicles themselves, but also to the new modern management methods, frequently associated with the Industry 4.0 concept. As well as other companies, car factories are pushing their costs downwards to increase their production efficiency. This paper analyses the economic situation of 5 car manufacturers, two of which having their factories in the Czech Republic and three in Germany. The task was to ascertain efficiency of individual companies in order to propose possible improvements. To do this, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for two models (CCR - model based on Charnes, Cooper & Rhodes and BCC - model based on Banker, Charnes & Cooper) was used. The BCC model was found to be more applicable to the established efficiencies, than the CCR one.

In this paper is analysed how the maritime freight costs fluctuations (2020-2024) affected the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) across the Visegrad Group using firm-level panel data and fixed-effects regressions. Four financial indicators were examined: turnover, gross margin, inventory stock, and cost of goods sold (COGS), with the Shanghai containerized freight index (SCFI) as the key explanatory variable. Higher freight costs are associated with increased turnover, inventories, and COGS, and with reduced gross margins, though the within-firm explanatory power is low. Overall, shipping price shocks leave measurable but modest effects on SME finances, indicating partial cost pass-through and strong resilience. Supporting supply-chain adaptability and digital logistics tools may further reinforce this resilience.

The significance of this study is derived from instability situations faced by various markets, particularly in the transport and logistics sectors, and the necessity to ascertain methods for their future advancement. The aim of this paper is to determine transformative modifications in the fundamental principles of strategic management for companies engaged in transport and logistics markets. In the course of the research, various methods were employed, including generalization, system analysis, abstract-logical method, systemic approach, analysis and synthesis method, graphical method, induction, deduction, comparison and systematization method, expert analysis, and selective observations. As a result, the authors identified the prerequisites for the transformation of unique and oversized air carriers into 3PL (Third-Party Logistics) operators, which are divided into the following blocks: needs, threats and risks, and product uniqueness.

In this study is presented a system for real-time precipitation measurement integrating the laser disdrometer with adaptive control. The system manages large sensor data streams dynamically, enhancing robustness and accuracy under intense weather conditions. Meteorological inputs, combined with communication, enable scalable infrastructure supporting automated safety interventions. Experimental deployment showed improved data fidelity, anomaly detection, and detailed analysis of drop size and velocity distributions. The approach advances intelligent transportation safety and operational reliability through comprehensive environmental sensing and real-time adaptive data processing.

The paper is a contribution to the literature on digitalization barriers and digital readiness by offering an empirically grounded socio-technical interpretation of digital transformation constraints in a transition economy and by extending the discussion on the shift from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0. The purpose of the research was to develop a theoretical and methodological framework for the study of digitalization of industrial, transport and logistics enterprises based on a socio-technical approach. The work systematizes the limitations of digital transformation in the context of the evolution of industrial paradigms from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0. The theoretical provisions obtained from the conceptual basis for the subsequent empirical analysis of barriers to digitalization of enterprises in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Increasing disaster frequency intensifies the need for rapid, location-specific information in crisis management. A Virtual Operations Support Team (VOST) can enhance situational awareness by verifying open-source data, but these outputs are rarely transformed into resilience indicators. In this paper is presented a framework that maps verified VOST outputs and metadata to indicators for road critical infrastructure resilience and links them to the crisis decision cycle. A preliminary test on media data (1 Aug-31 Dec 2024; n = 2,045) confirmed a stable baseline and clear peaks usable for management-defined thresholds and trigger actions. The framework also outlines governance, supplier interfaces, and GIS-based operationalization of Exposure, Condition, Accessibility, and Consequence.

Technology integration in transportation enhances the efficiency towards urban mobility management. The effective implementation of such technologies requires exploration of vital factors of acceptance and use. This study synthesizes a review work on the road-transport technologies' literature from 2011 to 2021 by contemplating the adoption mechanism keywords such as "acceptance", "usability", "adoption" of technology in transportation, mobility and numerous transport technologies through Boolean operators. Total of 42 articles from 20 developed and developing countries are enlisted for analysis. Numerous Information System (IS) theories and behavioral dimensions are emanated from surveyed literature. Avoid-Shift-Improve (ASI) framework is also materialized to understand the inferences of reviewed articles. Study conclusions are debated for implications of transport technologies from citizens' perspective.

The achievements of the experience economy show that, when using services, not only their useful value is important, i.e., changing the location in the case of transport, but also related positive experiences and impressions are of increasingly great importance. Hence, the aim of the research was to assess and indicate the directions of application possibilities of the experience economy in the urban and regional transport. There were used methods of analysis of the current theoretical achievements of the experience economy and the social studies into the use of cars, as well as the methods of analogy, brainstorming, synthesis, and modelling. The personalization of services should be pursued, in the field of passenger information, travel planning, and tariff solutions, as well as solutions increasing the possibility of using the travel time for the professional matters, education, and entertainment.

Intelligent transport systems (ITS), deriving from smart mobility concept, are emerging as a solution to transportation problems using information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve the transport performance and quality. The authors of this work aimed to propose a framework that evaluates applicability of ITS in the public transport sector, using Algiers as a case study and to discover eventual barriers to their implementation. The proposed framework is supported by literature contributing to the question of what barriers are encountered in developing versus developed countries when implementing ITS, this type of ignorance of contextual difficulties leads to calls for conceptual research in this regard. The methodology was illustrated using a matrix of indicators and measuring the applicability index. The result highlighted several barriers to technology adoption in Algiers public transport system and requires acting as a priority on governance and performance indicators according to Algiers context as a North African city.

Rail transport has been the leading sector of the whole transport network. In order to improve the efficiency of its functioning, it is important to develop measures that may help reduce the maintenance cost. To improve the open wagon hatch door strength, it is proposed to make it with rectangular corrugations. The results of calculations show that, taking into account the proposed solution, the weight of the improved hatch door is almost 10% lower than the weight of a typical one.

This research investigates freight forwarders' operational risks when entering a new transport market characterized by stochastic demand. A simulation model was developed to represent the service request flow potentially experienced by a freight forwarder in a new market. The proposed model incorporates key operational parameters such as average request interval, service tariff, and request processing time. Based on the simulation results, a regression model was developed to predict the market entry risk. The obtained model demonstrates that the risk increases with longer average request intervals between service requests and decreases with higher service tariffs. The findings provide insights for freight forwarders seeking to enter new markets. The simulation-based approach offers a practical tool for assessing operational risks and informing strategic decisions related to market entry and service pricing.

Ports are fundamental components of global supply chains, and their performance is critical to sustaining international trade and economic activity. Recognizing that existing studies often focus on individual ports rather than broader regional patterns, a new hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) model is proposed to provide a more comprehensive assessment framework. Based on expert judgments, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) results indicate that cargo type is the most influential determinant, followed by cargo direction and container volume. Using Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution - Grey (EDAS-G) and Additive Ratio Assessment - Grey (ARAS-G), the port performance across 24 EU countries for the period 2014-2023, incorporating a temporal dimension that enables multi-year trend analysis. The hybrid grey-based ranking shows that Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, and Germany rank the highest, while Slovenia, Bulgaria, Malta, and Cyprus consistently rank at the lower end.

The paper presents a systematic quantitative and qualitative literature review and classification of the last decades resources for a comprehensive and coherent view of smart city and urban logistics research trends and challenges. The review fully respects a six-step systematic literature review guideline and covers ninety-nine peer-reviewed articles from Web of Science Core Collection database.

With aging populations and rising healthcare demands, efficient patient transportation has become a critical challenge, particularly in the context of infection control. In this paper is presented an extended mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for optimizing patient transport in urban environments, with a focus on the separate transportation of infectious and non-infectious individuals. The model incorporates time windows, maximum allowable ride durations, and mandatory vehicle disinfection requirements. Experimental results obtained using CPLEX demonstrate that incorporating infection control measures significantly influences both route planning and computational complexity. The proposed approach provides a scalable foundation for future multi-vehicle extensions and cost-based optimization strategies.

The potential and challenges of Inland Waterway Transportation (IWT) in West Java, Indonesia were examined in this research, with a focus on sustainability using the SWOT and PESTLE analyses. Key findings show that IWT provides significant environmental benefits, such as reduced carbon emissions, and supports social equity through affordable and accessible transport. However, challenges include sedimentation, water hyacinth proliferation, poor waste management, infrastructure deficiencies and high investment costs. Overcoming these obstacles requires strategic planning that emphasises centralisation of governance, modernisation of infrastructure, environmental management and integration of technology. The findings provide applicable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to foster sustainable and inclusive transport in West Java.

Ensuring the sustainable development of urban and regional public transport systems is one of the major challenges faced by public authorities. This article examines changes over more than two decades in the two key synthetic measures for balancing transport: urban and regional public transport and individual motorization in two neighbouring EU countries, Poland, and Slovakia. The findings reveal the low effectiveness of transport sustainability policies, particularly in Poland, as evidenced by a decline in public transport usage and a significant increase in the number of private cars. Comparing the two countries Slovakia's policies proved more effective, showing lower increases in the number of private vehicles and only a slight decline in the volume of urban public transport.

Autonomous control and the associated development of relevant intelligent control systems have become an issue of interest in the automotive sector decades ago. This article deals with the issue of subsystem validation planning. The theoretical part describes the issue, characterizes the current state of the researched issues in selected scientific publications and characterizes the data and methods with which the authors work. The practical part of the article analyzes a case study in the form of a model project, its structure, testing requirements and design of a test campaign plan. The output is a calculation and decision tree, which determines the optimal variant of the number of vehicles so that the validation is completed, while minimizing time and financial resources.

The paper is devoted to research of the impact of gradual liberalization of aviation market on the country's air transport industry development and on formation of external economic components of the country's GDP connected to it directly: export and import of air transport services. The study of the relationship between the operation indicators of air transport and formed external economic effects has been conducted using comparative, correlative and regression analysis based on the statistical data of Ukraine, which has its own air transport industry and is on the path of aviation liberalization. A strong dependence of the export of air transport services on the total number of international flights and its passengers was revealed. This determines the feasibility of tracking the external economic effects in the design of changes on directions and means of further development of country's air transport sector.

Road accident and road safety are the key global concerns and problem for emerging nations like India. It has been attempted to examine the accidents that happened on Major District Road (MDR) 132 (Nuh to Hodal), India in the last five years. The primary objective of this study was to perform the Road Safety Audit for identification of accident-prone areas based on Accident Severity Index (ASI) and provide some improvement measures in order to lower the frequency and severity of accidents. Identified accident prone locations (blackspots) were ranked according to the ASI index. The distribution of accidents based on various parameters were also discussed. Site visit of critical sections of the road to observe road deficiencies were made and safety recommendations, along with the risk associated with them and priority as per IRC: SP: 88-2019, were suggested.

Background - The decline in walking interest on campus is an unresolved issue. Through this study, factors that influence walking intention by integrating the Walkability Index and UI GreenMetric standards are identified. Methodology -The measuring instrument for data collection in the form of a questionnaire was distributed to 110 respondents at Padang State University. The data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and PCA with Varimax Rotation. Results - As a result, 5 factors were identified with their eigenvalues for pedestrian-friendly sidewalk design, namely: comfort (6.867), technical suitability (2.200), accessibility (1.662), safety (1.156), and sidewalk dimensions (1.142), with a KMO value of 0.823. Conclusion - Comfort is the most dominant factor that infrastructure planners can prioritize by focusing on elements that enhance it, such as the availability of supporting facilities, minimizing mode conflicts, and path cleanliness.