Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina - Online first
Dynamic Routing with Static Delivery Time Windows in Urban Last-Mile Transport Logistics
Viktor Danchuk, Oleksandr Hutarevych, Stanislav, Popov, José Vicente Busquets-Mataix
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2026.001 
To address the challenges of dynamic routing in the last-mile transport logistics, an adaptive method has been developed for solving a multi-criteria dynamic vehicle routing problem with static time windows, taking into account the actual configuration of the urban road network and the non-stationary traffic dynamics on its sections. At the same time, the method enables the use of consolidated real-time data on the dynamic characteristics of traffic flow on sections of the transport network from any sources available at the time of optimization (e.g., GIS, road sensors, mobile devices, etc.). The results of simulation studies using the ant colony...
An Analytical Model for Calculating the Active Interaction Forces of the Working Body of Earth-Moving Machines with Sticky Soils
Nurbol Kamzanov, Shynbolat Tynybekov, Nursat Baikenzhe, Guldariya Naimanova, Bakytzhan Kyrgyzbay, Rustem Kozbagarov
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2026.002
In this study is presented an analytical mathematical model developed to determine the forces arising during the active penetration of machine working bodies into sticky rocks. The methodology is based on the method of element-by-element calculation of resistances, where the contact zone is divided into discrete prisms of material. As a result of the analysis, a final formula for the total penetration force is derived. This formula shows the dependence of the resistance force on the dimensions of the tool (thickness, depth, angle of sharpening) and the physical characteristics of the rock (internal friction, adhesion, stickiness). The model serves...
Evaluation of Bus Lane Implementation Expediency on Streets with Different Lane Numbers: Case Study
Fuad Dashdamirov, Turan Verdiyev
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2026.003
The introduction of bus lanes on streets may not be feasible from the standpoint of reducing the overall time loss for road users. The goal of this study was to develop a method for checking the effectiveness of bus lane implementation. Using simulation experiments, conducted in PTV VISSIM, for a different number of traffic lanes, the speeds of buses and vehicles were determined both when buses are moving in the general flow and after the introduction of a bus lane, at different values of flow intensity and bus frequency. Regression equations, describing the dependence of speed on the traffic flow intensity and frequency of buses for different numbers...
Influence of Traffic Flow Parameters on the Delay Duration at Signalized Intersections
Taras Postranskyy, Mykola Boikiv, Maksym Afonin, Ihor Mohyla
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2026.004
In this study is examined the influence of traffic flow parameters on delay duration at signalized intersections of urban multi-lane streets. The findings show that traffic composition strongly affects delays at low volumes, while its influence decreases as total volume grows. These results highlight the need to account for traffic composition, not only volume, when optimizing the signal timing and managing flows. The novelty of the study lies in modelling delay as a joint function of traffic volume and traffic flow composition, where the share of passenger cars is varied independently, rather than through the generalized passenger car unit-based...
Comparison of Braking Dynamics at High Speeds of Firefighting Vehicles on Tatra Chassis with Different Braking Systems
Ladislav Jánošík, Ivana Jánošíková, Tomáš Konečný, Izabela Šudrychová
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2026.005
In this paper are summarized the results of measurements of the driving characteristics of fire-fighting vehicles during the braking from high speeds. Two water tender vehicles manufactured by TATRA, used by the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, were compared. The tested vehicles differ in their braking systems. In the study are monitored the braking distance and deceleration, which were compared with previous tests focusing on tire type, test track surface, and weather conditions. When braking from a speed of 80 km/h, the worst results of the braking distance were recorded for SCANIA of 64 m and TATRA TerrNo1 (9T5 2243), of 73 m. These...
Determining the Efficiency of Cleaning Vehicle Exhaust Gases with an Ultrasonic Muffler Depending on the Engine Operating Mode and Ultrasound Power
Igor Pak
Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2026.006
The dependence has been obtained that links the degree of coagulation of soot particles, the parameters of the ultrasonic equipment, the geometric dimensions of the ultrasonic muffler, the frequency characteristics of ultrasound, and the parameters of the engine operating mode. In the paper is presented solving of a problem of determining the number of particles in 1 cm3 of exhaust gas depending on the smoke index. An example of calculating the required ultrasound power for a full-size ultrasonic vehicle muffler bench has been given.