Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina - Latest articles

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Improving the Methodology of Adaptive Traffic Control at Pedestrian CrosswalksCivil Engineering in Transport

Yuriy Royko, Oleh Hrytsun, Romana Bura, Roman Rohalskyi, Yurii Yevchuk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):D90-D101 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.037  

The paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out at signalized intersections and pedestrian crosswalks in Lviv (Ukraine). The study covered intersections with different traffic conditions. Therefore, the intersections were classified into three types. It was found that the share of pedestrians who cross the road on the prohibitive traffic signal varies from 7% in the central areas to 13% near transport hubs. A methodology, which predicts the pedestrian behavior when they make decisions about crossing the roadway, is proposed. Recommendations were developed for choosing the optimal traffic light control modes. It was found that increasing...

The Influence of Three Parent Crossbreeding on the Dual Population Genetic AlgortihmManagement Science and Informatics in Transport

Esra'a Alkafaween, Obada Alhabashneh, Maram M. Al-Mjali

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):E35-E45 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.036  

A genetic algorithm (GA) is an optimization technique based on natural genetics, using selection, crossover, and mutation. Crossover combines genetic material from two parents to create offspring, maintaining diversity and preventing premature convergence. While the two parents are typically used, multi-parent crossover, involving more than two parents, has shown superior results. in this paper is explored the multi-parent crossover in dual genetic algorithms, which facilitate information exchange between populations through interpolation crossbreeding. Offspring inherit traits from both parent populations, improving adaptability. The Cave-Surface...

Justification of the Possibility for Extending the Service Life of Cast Parts of a Three-Axle Bogie Based on Results of the Running Strength Tests to Determine Their LoadingMechanical Engineering in Transport

Rustam Rahimov, Diyor Zafarov

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B170-B185 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.035  

The article presents the results of research aimed at assessing the residual life and the possibility of extending the service life of cast parts of a UVZ-9M three-axle bogie used in six-axle scale test wagons. The tests have shown that the maximum stresses in the most stressed areas of the side frame, spring and pivot beams are within acceptable values, which indicates the presence of a residual life. The analysis of safety margin coefficients confirmed that the bogie elements have a significant reserve of operational characteristics. Calculations of the full service life of cast parts, performed based on the experimental data, demonstrated a sufficient...

Research on the Use of Biogas as an Additive to Compressed Natural Gas for Supplying Vehicle EnginesMechanical Engineering in Transport

Oleksandr Kravchenko, Roman Symonenko, Juraj Gerlici, Andrii Golovan, Serhii Shymanskyi, Igor Gritsuk, Yuriy Grytsuk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B158-B169 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.034  

Internal combustion engines, which operate in various load and speed conditions, are significant sources of environmental pollution that affect a vehicle's movement in traffic. Automotive engines typically operate in unsteady-state modes, transitioning cyclically from one operating mode to another during vehicle operation. The potential of using biogas as an additive to compressed natural gas for automotive engines was explored within this research. The results of experimental studies on the fuel efficiency and environmental performance of a vehicle with a petrol engine, converted to run on a mixture of compressed natural gas and biogas, are presented....

Indicators of the Dynamic Interaction of the Track and Freight Wagons with Increased Axial LoadMechanical Engineering in Transport

Natalya Tokmurzina-Kobernyak, Arailym Tursynbayeva, Laila Sagatova, Marat Shurenov, Assel Kurbenova

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B147-B157 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.033  

The article is devoted to the study of dynamic interaction of rail track and freight wagons under increased axial load. In conditions of increasing the freight traffic volumes and axial loads, the importance of accurate understanding of the mechanisms affecting the wear of rail track elements becomes especially important. In this paper the authors have carried out experimental research and comparative analysis of freight wagon trolleys of different models. As a result of dynamic tests of the freight wagon trolleys, the necessary parameters of dynamic qualities of different models of wagons and their optimal values of axial loads of freight wagons are...

The Operating Procedure of the Device Enhancing the Wheel-Rail AdhesionMechanical Engineering in Transport

Yuriy Y. Osenin, Nataliia Chernetska-Biletska, Sergii Kliuiev

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B138-B146 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.032  

The results of the analysis of sand application efficiency for improving wheel-rail adhesion are presented. An algorithm for the sandbox operation is substantiated, based on supplying sand under the wheels when their slip reaches a critical level, delivering sand in proportion to the vehicle speed, and automatically purging the sand supply pipes. The principle of sandbox operation is based on the mechanical interaction between the moving elements and sand. It has been established that the maximum adhesion coefficient is achieved when the sand is evenly distributed in a single layer within the wheel-rail contact area. The important role of the contact...

Determination of Optimal Parameters for Ultrasonic Cleaning of Vehicle RadiatorsMechanical Engineering in Transport

Aliya Kukesheva, Adil Kadyrov, Baurzhan Moldabaev, Kirill Sinelnikov, Akbope Karsakova, Elvira Kyzylbayeva

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B126-B137 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.031  

The research presented in this article was concerned with the efficiency of ultrasonic cleaning of vehicle radiators based on the cavitation phenomenon. A technique has been developed that takes into account the effect of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude and the time of exposure on the process of removing contaminants. The results of experimental studies are presented that confirm that increasing the exposure time contributes to increasing the washed scale mass and decreasing the time of liquid outflow. The developed regression model describes well the changes in the mass of washed scale, which is confirmed by a high coefficient of determination...

Indonesian Aviation Act 1/2009: An Examination and the Quest for Reform in Certain IssuesOperation and Economics in Transport

Adhy Riadhy Arafah, Rosa Ristawati, Kautsar Ismail, Gerlyana Shafa Putri Hardriani

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(2):A27-A39 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.030  

Indonesian Aviation Act 1/2009, which has been adopted for more than 14 years ago, was made to accommodate the ICAO's Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (USOAP) findings in 2007, which highlighted the need for legislative changes to reduce air transport accidents in Indonesia. The Act regulates two aspects of aviation activity, covering the public and private. The public sector regulates aircraft activities in Indonesia's airspace, certain issues are missed owing to (the) controversy over its legal terminology. In the private sector, the jurisdiction issue and applicability of the Act have consequently regarding the applicability of the Montreal...

Redundant Constraints in Crane Disc Brake Mechanism: Effect and Disposal PerspectivesMechanical Engineering in Transport

Vladyslav Protsenko, Volodymyr Malashchenko, Mykhaylo Babii, Valentyn Nastasenko, Roman Protasov, František Brumerčík, Marek Macko

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(2):B118-B125 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.029  

In this paper is considered a promising design of the braking disk mechanism of a construction crane. The analysis of the kinematics of the brake pad drive has shown that due to redundant links in the brake pad drive mechanism the latter are not able to self-align. This leads to uneven braking torque during the smooth braking, overloads and deterioration of the positioning accuracy of the load suspended on the cable. Based on the methods of analyzing the kinematics of complex mechanisms, two variants of modernization without redundant links are proposed. Both variants can be realized without changing the kinematics of the mechanism, but they differ...

Mathematical Modelling of Hybrid Powertrain Systems for Improved Energy EfficiencyElectrical Engineering in Transport

Oleg Lyashuk, Victor Aulin, Roman Rohatynskiy, Ivan Gevko, Andriy Gypka, Dmytro Mironov, Volodymyr Martyniuk, Artur Lutsyk, Nadia Denysiuk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(2):C36-C52 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.028  

The development and simulation of a mathematical model for a hybrid powertrain vehicle, aiming to optimize its energy efficiency and dynamic performance is presented in this study. Implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, the model captures the dynamic interactions between the hybrid system's components, including the internal combustion engine, electric motor, and battery. By conducting a full factorial experiment, the specific power of the hybrid vehicle was analyzed, revealing the critical influence of factors such as driving speed, road gradient, and battery state of charge. The proposed model demonstrated a discrepancy of 4-11% between the simulated and...

The Strength Calculation of the Modernized Brake Lever Transmission for a Wagon BogieMechanical Engineering in Transport

Sergii Panchenko, Juraj Gerlici, Alyona Lovska, Vasyl Ravlyuk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(2):B109-B117 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.027  

The article highlights is determination of the main strength indicators of the modernized brake lever transmission for a wagon bogie. The special feature of this modernization is that the technological pin-hole in the strut is displaced by 112 ± 2 mm towards the bolster beam, i.e., in line with the pendulum joints. This helps to eliminate abnormal wear of the brake pads in operation. To substantiate the proposed modernization, the strength of the brake lever transmission was calculated. It was found that the maximum equivalent stresses were 124 MPa; they occurred in the tension member. The resulting stresses did not exceed the permissible...

Enhanced Buck Converter with Universal Model for the Switched Voltage RegulatorsElectrical Engineering in Transport

Dobroslav Kováč, Irena Kováčová

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(2):C24-C35 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.026  

This article presents the enhancement and refinement of a simulation model for an integrated universal switched voltage regulator compatible with PSPICE software. The model enables users to create representations of any specific type of switched voltage regulator currently available on the market. The described regulator model is practically applied in widely used configurations of buck converters, including applications in transportation. The accuracy of the regulator model is verified by comparing the simulated waveforms of the converter to those provided in its datasheet. Additionally, the model is employed for the design and simulation analysis...

Revisiting Pcu Values of Various Vehicles in Mixed Traffic Conditions: Estimation and ComparisonCivil Engineering in Transport

Amir Ali Khan, Sachin Dass

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(2):D76-D89 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.025  

This study is an attempt to derive and to compare the Passenger Car Unit (PCU) values of vehicle types present in the stream, obtained using the Chandra's method, homogeneous coefficient method, speed-based modelling, and multiple linear regression method. Using the data collected from five sites of Sonipat City with varying traffic and geometric characteristics, it was found that Chandra's method is the best method to derive the PCU values in heterogeneous traffic conditions on divided urban roads. The PCU values obtained from Chandra's method are closer to IRC (Indian Roads Congress) code values. The PCU value of e-rickshaw was also estimated in...

Improving the Energy Efficiency of the Explosive Pulse during Drilling and Blasting Operations to Increase the Quality of Crushing and Conditions for Conveyor Delivery of Overburden Rocks in Quarries and SectionsMechanical Engineering in Transport

Tasbulat Monbolovich Igbaev, Nurlan Asylkhanovich Daniyarov, Adilbek Kazbekovich Kelisbekov, Arsen Zakirovich Akashev

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(2):B96-B108 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.024  

Widespread application of advanced transportation technologies in conditions of open-pit mining with the use of high-capacity belt conveyors is limited by the need for additional crushing of overburden rocks and minerals. Accordingly, the quality of crushing of rock mass, the output of oversize during drilling and blasting operations at quarries and open-pit operations significantly affect the possibility of using flow and cyclic-flow technologies with the use of conveyor transport. In this paper is presented a method of increasing the energy efficiency of the explosive pulse in drilling and blasting operations by means of developed gas pedal designs...

Shopping Trip Modelling Considering the Impact of Martial LawOperation and Economics in Transport

Mykola Zhuk, Halyna Pivtorak, Yevhen Pruskyi, Mykola Skyba

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(2):A13-A26 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.023  

The purchasing behavior of the population affects both passenger and freight traffic in cities. On the contrary, indicators of purchasing behavior are influenced by the characteristics of an individual, as well as external factors. The purpose of the conducted research was to analyze the population's purchasing behavior under martial law conditions. Data was collected by surveying residents of Ukraine's rear regions. Multinomial models of the frequency of purchases and transportation choice during shopping were formed. Martial law conditions and changes in the population size in the rear regions, change the general trends in purchasing behavior. The...

Integrating Pestle and Swot for Advancing Sustainable Inland Waterway Transportation: Insights from West Java, IndonesiaOperation and Economics in Transport

Ade Ratih Ispandiari, Ibnu Fauzi, Nanda Yustina, Zulfa Qonita

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(2):A1-A12 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.022  

The potential and challenges of Inland Waterway Transportation (IWT) in West Java, Indonesia were examined in this research, with a focus on sustainability using the SWOT and PESTLE analyses. Key findings show that IWT provides significant environmental benefits, such as reduced carbon emissions, and supports social equity through affordable and accessible transport. However, challenges include sedimentation, water hyacinth proliferation, poor waste management, infrastructure deficiencies and high investment costs. Overcoming these obstacles requires strategic planning that emphasises centralisation of governance, modernisation of infrastructure, environmental...

Dynamic Routing in Urban Transport Logistics under Limited Traffic InformationManagement Science and Informatics in Transport

Viktor Danchuk, Oleksandr Hutarevych, Serhii Taraban

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(2):E21-E34 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.021  

A method for online dynamic routing of freight delivery under limited traffic information using an ant colony algorithm, has been proposed. This method leverages real-time IoT data on traffic flow (TF) intensity from traffic sensors on urban road network (URN) sections, combined with averaged historical data on TF parameters (speed, density, intensity) obtained from traffic sensors on representative sections of homogeneous clusters within the URN. The procedure for forming homogeneous clusters within the URN and identifying representative sections is described. The results of simulation studies using the URN of Kyiv as an example indicate the potential...

Developing a Speed-Based Congestion Severity Index Using the Clustering Technique for Developing CountriesCivil Engineering in Transport

Malaya Mohanty, Satya Ranjan Samal, Kundan Samal

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(2):D67-D75 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.020  

A novel approach for traffic congestion assessment has been presented using percentile speeds as key indicators, focusing on urban roads. By evaluating the 98th, 85th, and 15th percentile speeds, authors of the research developed a congestion severity index, offering a more precise and intuitive method for analyzing traffic flow compared to traditional travel time-based indices. Key congestion indices, such as the Planning Time Index (PTI) and Travel Time Index (TTI) were compared to percentile speeds, revealing a significant association with the 15th and 85th percentile speeds. The K-means clustering technique was applied to classify congestion severity...

Impact of Fog Levels on Free-Flow Speeds in Mixed Traffic ConditionsSafety and Security Engineering in Transport

Angshuman Pandit, Anuj Kishor Budhkar

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(2):F1-F12 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.019  

The effect of fog levels on drivers' free-flow speeds for various vehicles in mixed traffic conditions is examined in this research. Visibility and free-flow speeds from eight highways are simultaneously collected and analyzed. The findings show distinct driver behavior patterns under different fog conditions. In dense fog, small visibility improvements lead to linear speed increases, while in light fog, speeds are mostly unchanged, though drivers maintain higher speeds than in clear conditions. Regardless of a vehicle type, driving patterns in fog are similar, though specific speeds differ. Cars tend to drive dangerously fast, while trucks remain...

Assessing the Risks of a Freight Forwarder Entering the Transport Market with Stochastic DemandManagement Science and Informatics in Transport

Vitalii Naumov, Guldana Nugymanova, Ihor Taran, Yana Litvinova

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(2):E11-E20 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.018  

This research investigates freight forwarders' operational risks when entering a new transport market characterized by stochastic demand. A simulation model was developed to represent the service request flow potentially experienced by a freight forwarder in a new market. The proposed model incorporates key operational parameters such as average request interval, service tariff, and request processing time. Based on the simulation results, a regression model was developed to predict the market entry risk. The obtained model demonstrates that the risk increases with longer average request intervals between service requests and decreases with higher...

Internet of Vehicles Security Improvement Based Controller Area Network and Artificial IntelligenceElectrical Engineering in Transport

Ibraheem Hatem Mohammed

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(2):C14-C23 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.017  

The Internet of Vehicle (IoV) is revolutionizing the automobile sector by allowing vehicles to interact between them and with roadside infrastructure. The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a vital component of such Autonomous vehicles (AVs), allowing communication between various Electronic Control Units (ECUs). However, the CAN protocol's intrinsic lack of security renders it opens to a variety of cyber-attacks, posing substantial hazards to both safety and privacy. This research proposes a defence mechanism for the real-time threat detection. It investigates the use of deep learning with multi-layer perceptron to improve the security of CAN networks...

A Systemic Approach to Formalized Description of Factors Affecting the Brake System Elements of Wagon BogiesMechanical Engineering in Transport

Sergii Panchenko, Juraj Gerlici, Alyona Lovska, Vasyl Ravlyuk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(2):B85-B95 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.016  

The article highlights the results of the traffic safety analysis conducted in the wagon industry of Ukrainian Railways. Based on this study, it was found that the largest number of transport accidents are caused by the braking equipment of wagons. The study is based on the statistical data on malfunctions of the mechanical part of the brake equipment of bogies, in particular, those caused by the wear of wagon brake pads. The results obtained were arranged and processed in the data analysis and visualization program STATISTIKA. Using a systemic approach, the structural, technological and operational factors that affect the reliability and...

Justification of the Method of Vehicle Engine Radiator Ultrasonic CleaningMechanical Engineering in Transport

Baurzhan Moldabaev, Kirill Sinelnikov, Aliya Kukesheva

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):B75-B84 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.015  

The article presents theoretical and experimental results on ultrasonic cleaning of a vehicle radiator. Criterion relationships between ultrasound energy, kinetic energy of the liquid, and shock wave energy were established, enabling the evaluation of cavitation energy efficiency and cleaning effectiveness. Experimental confirmation was obtained using a developed full-size bench. Using the developed full-size bench, the numerical values of parameters were obtained that made it possible to calculate the values of energies involved in the cavitation process, the ratio of which allows evaluating the effectiveness of washing the radiator from scale. The...

Optimization of Gear Pairs in the Two Stage Planetary Gearbox Using Ahp and Topsis MethodMechanical Engineering in Transport

Jelena Jovanović, Sandra Gajević, Slavica Miladinović, Lozica Ivanović, Jasmina Blagojević, Milan Bukvić, Blaža Stojanović

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):B65-B74 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.014  

The optimization of gear pairs in a two-stage planetary gearbox was performed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). A total of 18 combinations of input parameters were analyzed, varying: gear width (20, 22, 24 mm), module (2.25, 2.5, 2.75 mm) and material (16MnCr5, 34CrNiMo6). Safety factor from pitting (Sh) and safety factor from tooth fracture (Sf) were numerically obtained and those two parameters were chosen as criteria for optimization. TOPSIS identified alternative 1 (20 mm width, 2.25 mm module, 16MnCr5 material) as the optimal solution, demonstrating the...

Observational Study of Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized CrosswalksCivil Engineering in Transport

Damian Frej

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):D54-D66 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.013  

The pedestrian behavior at five signalized crosswalks in Kielce, was analyzed in this study with a particular focus on the increasing use of mobile phones and other electronic devices while crossing the street. Compared to previous ITS studies, which showed that 7% of pedestrians used phones, the current study reveals a significant increase in this phenomenon, with percentages ranging from 14 to 60%. The highest levels of phone usage and risky behaviors were observed at the intersection of Aleja Solidarnosci and Swietokrzyska Street. The results also indicate a decrease in the number of cases of crossing on a red light but an increase in the number...

Evaluation of Nanomodified Asphalt with CaCO₃: Rheological and Mixture PerformanceCivil Engineering in Transport

Ahmed Mahir Mohammed, Alaa H. Abed

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):D38-D53 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.012  

The impact of using three contents of 1, 3 and 5 % of nano CaCO3 on the composition of asphalt binder and the mechanical properties of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) wearing course was studied. Laboratory tests were performed to examine the physical and rheological characteristics of nanomodified asphalt binder. In addition, Superpave Indirect Tensile Test (IDT) was conducted to evaluate the mechanistic characteristics and moisture susceptibility of the HMA. The test findings pointed that the nano modified asphalt with 5% nano CaCO₃, decreased the temperature sensitivity due to asphalt stiffening and improved resistance to permanent deformation....

Computer Vision Technologies in Controlling the Electric Drive of Railway TransportElectrical Engineering in Transport

Yaroslav Kyrylenko, Yurij Kutovoj, Tatiana Kunchenko, Oleksandr Nesterenko

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):C1-C13 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.011  

Analysis of statistical data on accidents on railways shows that most often an accident occurs due to the influence of the human factor, obstacles on the track, curvature of the track, the phenomenon of skidding and slipping in dynamic modes. The novelty of the proposed work consists in development of a mathematical model and a study of the automatic speed control, depending on the curvature of the track or in the presence of obstacles, and track defects, as well as measuring the linear speed of the railway transport as one of the main elements of the slip protection system and the system for implementing the maximum traction force. The solution of...

Development of Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS) for Jaywalking Pedestrians at Unsignalised Intersections on Urban Arterials Using Ann &Amp; Clustering: A Case Study in IndiaCivil Engineering in Transport

Ampereza Ankunda, Malaya Mohanty, Satya Ranjan Samal

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):D25-D37 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.010  

In a developing country like India where jaywalking is prevalent than using designated crosswalks, pedestrian safety is a major concern. Development of pedestrian level of service (PLOS) is essential for monitoring pedestrian safety for these manoeuvres. The present research incorporates a new methodology to evaluate pedestrian LOS for jaywalkers. The study is conducted in a smart city of Bhubaneswar in India. The pedestrian crossing speeds ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 m/s. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are used to determine the pedestrian crossing speeds from vehicular and pedestrian counts whose outputs are close to the field data. A 2-step K-means...

Exploring Contributing Factors to Household Vehicle Ownership in Developing Countries: A Case of Banda Aceh, IndonesiaCivil Engineering in Transport

Ruslan Ruslan, Sofyan M. Saleh, Renni Anggraini, Sugiarto Sugiarto

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):D13-D24 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.009  

Household car ownership has become a crucial issue in Indonesia due to rapid urbanization and economic growth, which have led to increased demand for personal vehicles. This surge in vehicles contributes to traffic congestion, pollution, and strains on urban infrastructure. This study aimed to investigate private vehicle ownership in relation to household characteristics and mobility attributes in developing country settings. The methodology used is the multinomial logit model (MNL) to analyze ownership patterns. The empirical results showed the significant impact of the income variable on vehicle ownership. Ownership of multiple private vehicles was...

Seismic Loading and Reinforcement Effects on the Dynamic Behavior of Soil SlopesCivil Engineering in Transport

Vishal S. Ghutke, Anirban Mandal, Anjan Patel

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):D1-D12 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.008  

Despite the significant research on the seismic stability of earth structures, critical gaps remain in understanding the dynamic response of soil slopes with varying reinforcements. These gaps were addressed in this study by using a small shake table to investigate the dynamic behavior of soil slopes under different conditions. The research examines responses at various frequencies, the effect of reinforcement methods, and the impact of slope height. Results indicate that the higher frequencies and amplitudes lead to increased displacements, while reinforcement reduces crest displacement by 21 to 45%. Steeper slopes (35° and 40°) also show increased...