Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2019, 21(3):59-65 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2019.3.59-65

Sources of Electromagnetic Field in Transportation System and Their Possible Health Impacts

Zuzana Judakova1, Ladislav Janousek1
1 Department of Electromagnetic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Zilina, Slovakia

Exposure to electromagnetic field caused by transportation systems is a cause of concern for many people. In public and personal transport there are many sources of electromagnetic field. Plenty of dosimetric analyses of electromagnetic field carried out by various research groups found out very high exposure values in the transport. Although the measured fields in transport remain well below the general limit for public exposure as defined by ICNIRP (1998) standards, they are relatively high compared to other micro-environments in daily life, especially for children seated in the rear seat, as field strengths are comparatively high there and children are a sensitive part of the population. How long-term effects of these fields affect the human organism and what is the mechanism of action, are questions without known answers. Several studies point to the potential association of various diseases with exposure to electromagnetic field. The key to understanding the effect of the electromagnetic field on the human organism is to reveal the mechanism of action of the field.

Keywords: Intelligent Transportation System; wireless communications; electromagnetic field; exposure; health impact

Received: March 19, 2019; Accepted: May 6, 2019; Published: August 15, 2019  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Judakova, Z., & Janousek, L. (2019). Sources of Electromagnetic Field in Transportation System and Their Possible Health Impacts. Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina, 21(3), 59-65. doi: 10.26552/com.C.2019.3.59-65
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. GAJSEK, P., RAVAZZANI, P., GRELLIER, J., SAMARAS, T., BAKOS, J., THUROCZY, G. Review of studies concerning electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure assessment in Europe: low frequency fields (50 Hz - 100 kHz). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [online]. 2016, 13(9), p. 875. ISSN 1661-7827, eISSN 1660-4601. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13090875 Go to original source...
    2. MORENO-TORRES, P., LAFOZ, M., BLANCO, M., ARRIBAS, J. R. Passenger exposure to magnetic fields in electric vehicles. In: Modeling and simulation for electric vehicle applications [online]. 2016, IntechOpen, p. 47-71. ISBN 978-953-51-2637-9, eISBN 978-953-51-2636-2. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5772/64434 Go to original source...
    3. ANZALDI, G., SILVA, F., FERNANDEZ, M., QUILEZ, M., RIU, P. J. Initial analysis of SAR from a cell phone inside a vehicle by numerical computation. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering [online]. 2007, 54(5), p. 921-930. ISSN 0018-9294, eISSN 1558-2531. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2006.889776 Go to original source...
    4. EEFTENS, M., STRUCHEN, B., BIRKS, L. E., CARDIS, E., ESTARLICH, M., FERNANDEZ, M. F., GAJSEK, P., GALLASTEGI, M., HUSS, A., KHEIFETS, L., MEDER, I. K., OLSEN, J., TORRENT, M., TRCEK, T., VALIC, B., VERMEULEN, R., VRIJHEID, M., VAN WEL, L., GUXENS, M., ROOSLI, M. Personal exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields in Europe: Is there a generation gap? Environment International [online]. 2018, 121(1), p. 216-226. ISSN 0160-4120, eISSN 1873-6750. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.002 Go to original source...
    5. CHOI, J., HWANG, J.-H., LIM, H., JOO, H., YANG, H.-S., LEE, Y.-H., EEFTENS, M., STRUCHEN, B., ROOSLI, M., LEE, A.-K., CHOI, H.-D., KWON, J. H., HA, M. Assessment of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure from personal measurements considering the body shadowing effect in Korean children and parents. Science of The Total Environment [online]. 2018, 627, p. 1544-1551. ISSN 0048-9697, eISSN 1879-1026. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.318 Go to original source...
    6. SAGAR, S., ADEM, S. M., STRUCHEN, B., LOUGHRAN, S. P., BRUNJES, M. E., ARANGUA, L., DALVIE, M. A., CROFT, R. J., JERRETT, M., MOSKOWITZ, J.M., KUO, T., ROOSLI, M. Comparison of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure levels in different everyday microenvironments in an international context. Environment International [online]. 2018, 114, p. 297-306. ISSN 0160-4120, eISSN 1873-6750. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.036 Go to original source...
    7. BOLTE, J. F., EIKELBOOM, T. Personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field measurements in the Netherlands: Exposure level and variability for everyday activities, times of day and types of area. Environment International [online]. 2012, 48, p. 133-142. ISSN 0160-4120, eISSN 1873-6750. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2012.07.006 Go to original source...
    8. FREI, P., MOHLER, E., NEUBAUER, G., THEIS, G., BURGI, A., FROHLICH, J., BRAUN-FAHRLANDER, C., BOLTE, J., EGGER, M., ROOSLI, M. Temporal and spatial variability of personal exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields. Environmental Research [online]. 2009, 109(6), p. 779-785. ISSN 0013-9351, eISSN 1096-0953. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2009.04.015 Go to original source...
    9. HALGAMUGE, M. N., ABEYRATHNE, C. D. MENDIS, P. Measurement and analysis of electromagnetic fields from trams, trains and hybrid cars. Radiation Protection Dosimetry [online]. 2010, 141(3), p. 255-268. ISSN 0144-8420, eISSN 1742-3406. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncq168 Go to original source...
    10. STANKOWSKI, S., KESSI, A., BECHEIRAZ, O., MEIER-ENGEL, K., MEIER, M. Low frequency magnetic fields induced by car tire magnetization. Health Physics. 2006, 90(2), p. 148-153. ISSN 0017-9078, eISSN 1538-5159. Go to original source...
    11. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION, VECCHIA, P., HIETANEN, M., MATTHES, R., AHLBOM, A., BREITBART, E., DE GRUIJL, F. R., FEYCHTING, M., GREEN, A., JOKELA, K., LIN, J., SAUNDERS, R., SCHULMEISTER, K., SODERBERG, P., STUCK, B., SWERDLOW, A., TAKI, M., VEYRET, B., ZIEGELBERGER, G., REPACHOLI, M. H., ICNIRP ELF TASK GROUP, MATTHE, R., AHLBOM, A., JOKELA, P., ROY, C., SAUNDERS, R. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields (1 Hz to 100 kHz). Health Physics [online]. 2010, 99(6), p. 818-836. ISSN 0017-9078, eISSN 1538-5159. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0b013e3181f06c86 Go to original source...
    12. BELPOMME, D., HARDELL, L., BELYAEV, I., BURGIO, E., CARPENTER, D. O. Thermal and non-thermal health effects of low intensity non-ionizing radiation: an international perspective. Environmental Pollution [online]. 2018, 242(A), p. 643-658. ISSN 0269-7491, eISSN 1873-6424. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.019 Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content