Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina, 2025 (vol. 27), issue 1
Mechanical Engineering in Transport
Modelling, Simulation and Experimental Verification of a 3 DOF Moving Platform with Parallel Kinematics and Electro-Hydraulic Proportional / Servo Control System
Ezz Eldin Ibrahim, Ahmed Azouz, Tarek Elnady, Mohamed Saffaa Hassan, Ibrahim Saleh
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):B1-B11 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.001 
Hydraulic motion platforms are widely utilized in various environments due to their capacity to bear heavy loads and provide long actuator strokes. The predominant control system employed for hydraulic motion platforms is the electro-hydraulic servo system (EHSS) due to its high accuracy and robustness. However, compared to other types of hydraulic valves, the electro-hydraulic servo valve (EHSV) is less durable. An alternative system to EHSS is the electro-hydraulic proportional system (EHPS), which employs an electro-hydraulic proportional valve (EHPV) instead of the EHSV. The EHPV resolves the durability issue at the expense of accuracy and system...
Research on Soil Cutting with a Flat Cutter Using a Simulation Model
Asset Altynbayev, Alexandr Ganyukov
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):B12-B20 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.002
The research aims to develop an algorithm for modelling the process of cutting an infinite volume of soil with a flat cutter in the Abaqus software package. The hypothesis of the existence of energy and volume of resistance to cutting is proposed. The analysis of shock wave distribution in the soil volume is performed. Boundary conditions for the soil volume model are determined, as well as for a flat cutter with linear motion. Stress gradients in the soil during its deformation are determined. Confirmation of the hypothesis about the existence of energy and volume of resistance to cutting was obtained. A logarithmic regression equation was derived...
Cleaning Dusty Air Flow with a Rotary Cyclone from Dispersed Particles
Oleksandr Kravchenko, Oleksiy Bazhynov, Ján Dižo, Yevhen Haiek, Miroslav Blatnický
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):B21-B29 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.004
The research presented in this article is aimed to show the prospective direction of increasing the efficiency of cleaning dusty air flows from light impurities and dust on mobile grain separators by using a rotary cyclone with a multi-disc after cleaner. An increase in the efficiency of the process of cleaning the dusty air flow in dust collectors is provided by an additional effect on dispersed particles for their intensive redistribution in the working areas. The developed rotary cyclone has two working zones: the main zone and the post-cleaning zone. The rotary cyclone consists of a bladed impeller, a main cylindrical channel, a sedimentation chamber...
Comparative Estimation of Maneuverability of the Multi-Track Road Trains of Different Layout Schemes
Volodymyr Sakhno, Igor Murovanyi, Oleksandr Razboinikov, Olekcii Palamarchyk, Valerii Dembitskyi
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):B30-B40 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.005
Today, in the constructions of multi-link road trains, two main layout schemes are used, as a rule - trailer (car + n trailers) and semi-trailer (tractor car + n semi-trailers). Previously conducted studies established that the maneuverability indicators of the road trains can be determined on wheels rigid in the lateral direction, that is, according to kinematic models, which are based on the angles of assembly of the road train links. These angles are defined for both a three-link trailer and a semi-trailer vehicle train, for different locations of the extended link. For the semi-trailer road trains, the requirements for maneuverability are not met,...
Technical Condition Assessment and Modelling of Reed Valves in Vehicle Engine Intake Systems
Oleksandr Kravchenko, Alexander Khrulev, Juraj Gerlici, Oleksii Saraiev, Serhii Danets
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):B41-B52 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.006
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using a simple reed valve model of an engine with periodic workflow. To achieve this purpose, models of the reed valve have been developed and determined that the quasi-stationary model allows one to find the air flow through the reed valve with an accuracy of 5-6%. The limits of permissible values, at which the model has a minimal error, correspond to Strouhal number of 0.2-0.3. This data confirmed that with proper consideration of the existing limitations, the quasi-stationary model gives results close to those provided by the complex dynamic models.
Effects of Movement Direction through a Switch on Accelerations and Natural Frequencies of a Pneumatic Suspension of High-Speed Rolling Stock
Andrii Kuzyshyn, Vitalii Kovalchuk, Yuriy Royko
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):B53-B64 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.007
The research object is a pneumatic spring of the second stage of spring suspension of the high-speed railway rolling stock in movement conditions by a switch. Full-scale dynamic tests of a pneumatic spring for the high-speed railroad rolling stock were carried out. It was found that the average values of vertical accelerations in the trailing and facing directions in the wind turbines moving by the switch are 1.307 m.s-2 and 1.279 m.s-2, respectively. The ratio of the average values of longitudinal accelerations in the trailing and facing directions within the wind turbines is 1.01, and at the wind turbine bases is 2.15. It is...
Optimization of Gear Pairs in the Two Stage Planetary Gearbox Using Ahp and Topsis Method
Jelena Jovanović, Sandra Gajević, Slavica Miladinović, Lozica Ivanović, Jasmina Blagojević, Milan Bukvić, Blaža Stojanović
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):B65-B74 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.014
The optimization of gear pairs in a two-stage planetary gearbox was performed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). A total of 18 combinations of input parameters were analyzed, varying: gear width (20, 22, 24 mm), module (2.25, 2.5, 2.75 mm) and material (16MnCr5, 34CrNiMo6). Safety factor from pitting (Sh) and safety factor from tooth fracture (Sf) were numerically obtained and those two parameters were chosen as criteria for optimization. TOPSIS identified alternative 1 (20 mm width, 2.25 mm module, 16MnCr5 material) as the optimal solution, demonstrating the...
Justification of the Method of Vehicle Engine Radiator Ultrasonic Cleaning
Baurzhan Moldabaev, Kirill Sinelnikov, Aliya Kukesheva
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):B75-B84 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.015
The article presents theoretical and experimental results on ultrasonic cleaning of a vehicle radiator. Criterion relationships between ultrasound energy, kinetic energy of the liquid, and shock wave energy were established, enabling the evaluation of cavitation energy efficiency and cleaning effectiveness. Experimental confirmation was obtained using a developed full-size bench. Using the developed full-size bench, the numerical values of parameters were obtained that made it possible to calculate the values of energies involved in the cavitation process, the ratio of which allows evaluating the effectiveness of washing the radiator from scale. The...
Electrical Engineering in Transport
Computer Vision Technologies in Controlling the Electric Drive of Railway Transport
Yaroslav Kyrylenko, Yurij Kutovoj, Tatiana Kunchenko, Oleksandr Nesterenko
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):C1-C13 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.011
Analysis of statistical data on accidents on railways shows that most often an accident occurs due to the influence of the human factor, obstacles on the track, curvature of the track, the phenomenon of skidding and slipping in dynamic modes. The novelty of the proposed work consists in development of a mathematical model and a study of the automatic speed control, depending on the curvature of the track or in the presence of obstacles, and track defects, as well as measuring the linear speed of the railway transport as one of the main elements of the slip protection system and the system for implementing the maximum traction force. The solution of...
Civil Engineering in Transport
Seismic Loading and Reinforcement Effects on the Dynamic Behavior of Soil Slopes
Vishal S. Ghutke, Anirban Mandal, Anjan Patel
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):D1-D12 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.008
Despite the significant research on the seismic stability of earth structures, critical gaps remain in understanding the dynamic response of soil slopes with varying reinforcements. These gaps were addressed in this study by using a small shake table to investigate the dynamic behavior of soil slopes under different conditions. The research examines responses at various frequencies, the effect of reinforcement methods, and the impact of slope height. Results indicate that the higher frequencies and amplitudes lead to increased displacements, while reinforcement reduces crest displacement by 21 to 45%. Steeper slopes (35° and 40°) also show increased...
Exploring Contributing Factors to Household Vehicle Ownership in Developing Countries: A Case of Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Ruslan Ruslan, Sofyan M. Saleh, Renni Anggraini, Sugiarto Sugiarto
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):D13-D24 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.009
Household car ownership has become a crucial issue in Indonesia due to rapid urbanization and economic growth, which have led to increased demand for personal vehicles. This surge in vehicles contributes to traffic congestion, pollution, and strains on urban infrastructure. This study aimed to investigate private vehicle ownership in relation to household characteristics and mobility attributes in developing country settings. The methodology used is the multinomial logit model (MNL) to analyze ownership patterns. The empirical results showed the significant impact of the income variable on vehicle ownership. Ownership of multiple private vehicles was...
Development of Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS) for Jaywalking Pedestrians at Unsignalised Intersections on Urban Arterials Using Ann &Amp; Clustering: A Case Study in India
Ampereza Ankunda, Malaya Mohanty, Satya Ranjan Samal
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):D25-D37 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.010
In a developing country like India where jaywalking is prevalent than using designated crosswalks, pedestrian safety is a major concern. Development of pedestrian level of service (PLOS) is essential for monitoring pedestrian safety for these manoeuvres. The present research incorporates a new methodology to evaluate pedestrian LOS for jaywalkers. The study is conducted in a smart city of Bhubaneswar in India. The pedestrian crossing speeds ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 m/s. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are used to determine the pedestrian crossing speeds from vehicular and pedestrian counts whose outputs are close to the field data. A 2-step K-means...
Evaluation of Nanomodified Asphalt with CaCO3: Rheological and Mixture Performance
Ahmed Mahir Mohammed, Alaa H. Abed
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):D38-D53 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.012
The impact of using three contents of 1, 3 and 5 % of nano CaCO3 on the composition of asphalt binder and the mechanical properties of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) wearing course was studied. Laboratory tests were performed to examine the physical and rheological characteristics of nanomodified asphalt binder. In addition, Superpave Indirect Tensile Test (IDT) was conducted to evaluate the mechanistic characteristics and moisture susceptibility of the HMA. The test findings pointed that the nano modified asphalt with 5% nano CaCO3, decreased the temperature sensitivity due to asphalt stiffening and improved resistance to permanent deformation....
Observational Study of Pedestrian Behavior at Signalized Crosswalks
Damian Frej
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):D54-D66 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.013
The pedestrian behavior at five signalized crosswalks in Kielce, was analyzed in this study with a particular focus on the increasing use of mobile phones and other electronic devices while crossing the street. Compared to previous ITS studies, which showed that 7% of pedestrians used phones, the current study reveals a significant increase in this phenomenon, with percentages ranging from 14 to 60%. The highest levels of phone usage and risky behaviors were observed at the intersection of Aleja Solidarnosci and Swietokrzyska Street. The results also indicate a decrease in the number of cases of crossing on a red light but an increase in the number...
Management Science and Informatics in Transport
Analysis of Hybrid Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Using Hybrid Approaches
Haribhau Ashok Shinde, Sandeep Garg
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(1):E1-E10 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.003
Cognitive radio (CR) technology enables dynamic spectrum access to meet the growing demand for wireless communication. This study investigates spectrum sensing methods, specifically energy detection (ED) and matched filter detection (MFD), within hybrid strategies. A novel hybrid MFD method was developed and evaluated via MATLAB simulations, analyzing factors like sample size, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and false alarm probability. Results reveal that ED has a higher miss-detection rate compared to MFD and the proposed hybrid method, which performs particularly well under low sample counts and SNR conditions. This research enhances spectrum sensing...