Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina, 2017 (vol. 19), issue 2
Articles
Energy Intensity and Ghg Production of Chosen Propulsions Used in Road Transport
Tomas Skrucany, Stefania Semanova, Tomasz Figlus, Branislav Sarkan, Jozef Gnap
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):3-9 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.3-9 
Nowadays, there are more types of propulsions and fuels in road transport. This paper deals with the problem of their energy intensity and GHG emissions. The emissions can be classified as primary or secondary. The mixture of primary sources for the production of fuel or energy influence the final value of the ecological effectiveness of the propulsion. Methodology of the standard EN 16258:2012 was used for the estimation of this value.
Influence of a Lashing Strap Winding in Tensioning Ratchet on the Results of the Strength Tests and Cyclic Loading Tests According to the Standard EN 12 195-2
Jan Zamecnik, Juraj Jagelcak, Sven Sokjer-Peterssen, Tomas Hvojnik, Michal Lipka
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):10-17 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.10-17
This article is focused on the results of the testing of the complete web lashing and the cyclic loading tests of selected lashing straps of three various producers according to the standard EN 12 195-2. It analyses how the quantity of winding in tensioning ratchet affects the results of these tests, whereas it compares the results of the straps wound 21/4 times around the rotating axis (as is correct according to the standard) and those wound 11/4 times around the rotating axis (as is not enough quantity of a winding). The article concludes that the influence of the winding on elongation of straps as well as on operating life of the straps is strong....
Determination of the Appropriate Vehicle Operating in Particular Urban Traffic Conditions
Ondrej Stopka, Branislav Sarkan, Maria Chovancova, Larisa M. Kapustina
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):18-22 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.18-22
This paper presents selection of the most appropriate vehicle intended to operate on a particular urban territory, using the specific methods of multi-criteria analysis. For selecting the suitable vehicle, it is necessary to determine a number of specific criteria. In the paper, the desired vehicle is selected from five vehicles, while, each of them has a different product brand. To determine the weights of criteria, the Saaty pairwise comparison method is applied, and subsequently, the multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives is utilized for a research problem.
Model of Integrated Transportation System
Frantisek Brumercik, Michal Lukac, Zbigniew Krzysiak, Leszek Krzywonos
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):23-26 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.23-26
The article presents the possibilities of an integrated transport system modeling simulating the complexity of regional transportation and its effects. The modeling methods deal with individual behavioral units and proceed through several steps to estimate travel.
Transmission System Power Flow Model
Michal Lukac, Frantisek Brumercik, Leszek Krzywonos, Zbigniew Krzysiak
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):27-31 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.27-31
Physical modelling of transportation system is helpful for finding information about the power flow in particular transmission elements. The vehicle power train model can be built from predefined blocks. The blocks are based on mathematical equations, which define every power train element. The procedure of the particular transmission element - a two-stage epicyclic gearbox model creation and calculation is described in the presented article.
Application of NFC Technology in Railway Passenger Transport by Introducing New Products
Eva Brumercikova, Bibiana Bukova, Pavol Kondek, Pawel Drozdziel
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):32-35 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.32-35
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a new trend in the world of information technology, which has a profound impact on all spheres of life. This technology is currently being applied in public transport services, which is confirmed by a number of passenger handling methods that use NFC throughout Europe. NFC technology offers convenience and mobility to users of public passenger transport. With NFC carriers may expand their portfolio of NFC supported services. This paper presents possible application of the NFC technology in railway passenger transport by introducing new products, and the possibility to expand the business portfolio of railway operators.
Big Data - a Challenge for Urban Transport Managers
Anna Urbanek
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):36-42 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.36-42
Big data is a term used to describe large, variable and very diverse data sets, which are very difficult to process and analyse, but on the other hand which are extremely valuable from the point of view of gaining knowledge, for example, on consumer behaviour or real-time changes in a specific market. Automated fare technologies in public urban transport are implemented ever more widely in many cities worldwide. Because of these technologies the public transport organisers have access to large data sets, which create new possibilities in the decision-making process. The aim of the paper is to discuss the role of big data in the decision-making process...
Prices as an Element of Comparative Studies on People's Travels in Cities
Grzegorz Dydkowski, Anna Urbanek
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):43-49 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.43-49
Ticket prices are one of crucial factors of urban public transport services competitiveness. Ticket prices are expected not only to ensure appropriate revenue for the urban public transport organiser, by they are also an important instrument of cities' transport policy. The paper is aimed at comparison of urban public transport prices in the largest Polish cities taking into consideration diversified purchasing power as well as the economic potential of city residents and also the competitiveness against the individual car transport. The presented and applied method for comparisons is recommended in particular to compare centres featuring high diversification...
The Issues of Measuring the Exterior and Interior Noise of Road Vehicles
Branislav Sarkan, Ondrej Stopka, Chenguang Li
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):50-55 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.50-55
Nowadays, within the issues of road vehicles operation, we place great emphasis especially on the most important operating characteristics such as fuel consumption, exhaust emissions as well as performance indicators. However, in the field of driving comfort, a noise inside the vehicle, affecting its crew, represents an important aspect as well. The paper analyzes the interior and exterior vehicle noise, methods of its detection and practical research measurement indicating the rate of interior vehicle noise during various traffic conditions.
Identification of the Barriers to Business in Slovakia
Mariana Strenitzerova, Miriam Garbarova
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):56-60 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.56-60
Barriers are the problems with which every company meets. These problems affect companies negatively. The aim of this paper is to identify major barriers in selected industry of the Slovak business environment. To fulfill the aim of the paper, a primary research, based on the methods of querying, analysis, comparison and selection, was conducted. The questionnaire was focused on identifying barriers in the Slovak business environment from the view of advertising agencies operating in the Zilina region. We can conclude that respondents can be divided into three groups: companies whose business is affected by the barriers, companies whose business is...
Methodology for Assessing Transport Connections on the Integrated Transport Network
Jozef Gasparik, Vladimir Luptak, Petr V. Kurenkov, Pavol Mesko
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):61-67 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.61-67
The periodic line transport expresses an integrated periodic timetable, which is also a periodical liner form of surveillance and network interconnection. An important factor is to reduce the interchange times in selected areas, or transport hubs. The aim is to minimise the total transit time of a passenger from point A to point B. The cornerstone of transport services is to provide travel opportunities by creating links and connections. Often, after the introduction of the new timetable and a discussion of whether it is better or worse, each approach is evaluated in a subjective manner. The authors solved some problems of rail passenger quality services....
Incorporating Bicycles into Urban Mobility: An Opportunity for Sustainable Development
Carlos Lopez-Escolano, Angel Pueyo Campos, Sergio Valdivielso Pardos, Eva Nedeliakova, Vladimira Stefancova
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):68-73 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.68-73
This paper addresses the new role of bicycles as a mode of sustainable urban transport in several cities, after decades of being seen as a minor means of transport. Socio-economic changes over the last few decades and demands from a much more aware public are facilitating the re-incorporation of bicycles into areas not only where they are normally found, such as northern European countries, but also into less usual places, like Spain. In this context, this research aims to assess how much access the public has to various cycling infrastructures, such as bicycle lanes or bike-sharing stations. It also delves into how urban planning and management have...
Optimization of Distribution Routes by Way of the Multilevel Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem
Jiri Cejka, Mykola Guchenko
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):74-79 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.74-79
The article "Optimization of Distribution Routes by way of the Multilevel Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem" is concerned with the optimization of the distribution routes. The goal is to use the obtained data to try to optimize and propose alternatives of the circular routes for the company Vltavotynske lahudky. For implementing this task, the principle of the module for solving the transport-related tasks was used. This module was developed by the Department of the Operational and System Analysis of the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague.
Intermodal Transportation of Dangerous Goods
Andrea Galierikova, Jarmila Sosedova
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):80-85 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.80-85
The paper deals with intermodal transportation, broadly defined as a chain consisting of several transportation modes that are coordinated and interact in intermodal terminals to ensure door-to-door service. The goal of the article is to describe the road-sea intermodal flow, to define the responsibilities of each party of a transportation chain and to identify important issues and bottlenecks in the whole intermodal transportation. Recently, the demand for the transportation of dangerous goods has been rising. Transport of dangerous goods can have serious effects on the environment if an accident happens. The legal environment for each transport department,...
Comparative Analysis of Alternative Fuels Used in Road Transport
Jan Lizbetin, Ladislav Bartuska, Aleksandr Rakhmangulov
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):86-89 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.86-89
In recent years, especially alternative fuels have been undergoing significant and rapid development, since the society is aware of the negative impacts of a long term and excessive use of fossil fuels on the environment as well as of the fact that the raw materials are finite. The article shows a new approach to using of alternative fuels in transport in the future. The description introduces both conventional and unconventional fuels. The analysis is focused on the comparison of the fuels in terms of the formation of CO, SO2, NOx and CO2 emissions, as well as their energy performance. In the conclusion the paper outlines the future of automobile...
The Proposal of a Tariff Taking into Account the Risk from Unoccupied Capacity of Passenger Trains
Lenka Cerna, Jozef Danis, Borna Abramovic
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):90-95 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.90-95
There are many different views on perceived benefits and costs of the offered transport services in the market, because each customer gives a different weight to characteristics of these services. The customer thus buys a service from the transport company that offers the highest perceived benefits in relation to the total cost. Therefore it is important to monitor traffic flows of passengers in a long-distance rail passenger transport and in advance specify the expected number of passengers who use this link. Only on the basis of a well-prepared prediction it will be possible to establish an effective session tariff, which ensures reimbursement of...
Concepts of Load Handling Devices, Adjusted to Light Goods Vehicles of The Weight up to 3.5t
Pawel Drozdziel, Kamil Wawer, Radovan Madlenak, Murat Omarbekovich Mussabekov
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):96-102 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.96-102
The main aim of the article is to present three concepts of load handling devices, adjusted to light goods vehicles of the weight up to 3.5 t. The design issue commissioned by Poczta Polska - the Polish Post was analysed. On the basis of the analysis the design assumptions were taken to design a device. The construction and the method of operation of the design structures suggested by the author were discussed. All the concepts were compared with one another with the use of a SWOT analysis.
Determination of Traffic Patterns on Urban Roads
Ladislav Bartuska, Karel Jerabek, Li Chenguang
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):103-108 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.103-108
Traffic volume indicates the use and the capacity of road infrastructure. In traffic engineering the traffic volume is generally stated as so-called Annual Average Daily Traffic (abbreviated as AADT), which can be determined from a short-time traffic survey according to the TP 189 methodology. The issue of AADT determination is in fact simplified on the urban roads where we can find types of traffic patterns different from those dealt with in theTP 189 methology.The introductory part of the paper deals with the theory of determination of traffic volumes and the theory of traffic flow. The aim of the article is to demonstrate traffic patterns on specific...
Comparison of Operational and Economic Aspects of Direct Road Transport and Continental Combined Transport
Jaromir Siroky, Stephan Schroder, Jozef Gasparik
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):109-115 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.109-115
The aim of this paper is to compare economic and operational aspects in the transition from direct road transport to unaccompanied CT using intermodal road semitrailers. A comparison of specifications of transport units was carried out as well as the risk assessment, considering the probability of a critical situation occurrence. Both of these factors are key for the final decision making. As a main part of this research paper, a comparative case study was conducted. For the purposes of this comparison, data from actual transport orders were used on a route starting in the Czech Republic, going through the industrial Northwest of Germany and then to...
Global Transportation of Foodstuffs
Peter Piala, Andrea Galierikova, Andrej David
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):116-119 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.116-119
Maritime transport belongs to the modes of transportation which ensures intercontinental transport of passengers and cargo between the continents. Not only it is very effictive, but it also enables to carry a huge volume of cargo. The transportation of temperature controlled cargo started in the 19th century with the transportation of meat. Until then, transportations of goods under the influence of the temperature were realised only between regions. It is necessary to care about proper handling, cooling, packaging and the compatibility during the transportation of temperature-controlled cargo.
Sources of Financing Public Passenger Transport Services
Milos Poliak, Lenka Komackova, Salvador Hernandez, Marek Jaskiewicz, Gabriela Boldizsarova
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):120-126 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.120-126
The paper deals with the financing of public passenger transport. It analyses unconventional types of financing public passenger transport abroad. The aim of the paper is to present the methodology of creating funding sources for the financing of public passenger transport which is applicable in the Slovak Republic and in the member states of the European Union. The key idea of the methodology is to use funding sources arising from the provision of public services.
Public Transport Integration
Milos Poliak, Michaela Mrnikova, Marek Jaskiewicz, Rafal Jurecki, Barbora Kaciakova
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):127-132 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.127-132
The importance of the issue of an effective mode of passenger transport is currently increasing. On the one hand there is an increasing economic demand for public passenger transport, on the other hand, there is a growing traffic share of individual automobile transport. The aim of this article is to define the importance of public passenger transport and to identify the problems of its operation. The integration of different modes of public passenger transport is proposed as a way to increase the competitiveness of public passenger transport. This paper analyses the individual elements of integration systems abroad and suggests the methodology of...
Proposal for Optimizing Specific Distribution Routes by Means of the Specific Method of Operational Analysis
Rudolf Kampf, Martina Hlatka, Gleb Savin
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):133-138 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.133-138
The paper focuses on the issue of optimizing material collection and distribution routes in the restrictive parameters. In the article, Clarke-Wright method was used, where the restricting parameters are vehicle capacity, vehicle speed and compliance with the social legislation related to the work of vehicle crew. The research aimed at the collection and distribution of steel components within a particular company. For the optimization, the data of weekly collection and distribution were used. By the Clarke-Wright method application, time savings of 40% of the vehicle use were achieved.
Forms of Citizens' Communication with the Public Administration Institutions
Jana Stofkova, Katarina Gasova
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):139-144 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.139-144
Globalisation and technological development have caused many changes that force both businesses and governments to react. The development of information and communication technologies has changed the way how people obtain information, communicate, work, buy goods and affect their everyday lives. The revolution of the Internet has opened new opportunities for all economic operators. This process can not be stopped. The government which wants to meet the citizens' changing demands and needs has to be flexible and adapt to this progress, which results in e-Government. The contribution focuses on the ways of communication between citizens and institutions...
A Number of Conflicts at Route Intersections - Rectangular Model
Karel Havel, Vojtech Balint, Andrej Novak
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):145-147 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.145-147
A conflict is an infringement of minimum separation between at least two aircraft. Air traffic controllers build a protected area in front of an aircraft; its shapes and dimensions depend on the speed of an aircraft and on the minimum separation. The protected zone in this mathematical model is the horizontal rectangular zone. If an aircraft is inside this protected zone, a conflict occurs. The model is based on these assumptions: aircraft fly in level straight line routes; only an infringement of the lateral separation is considered; deviations are excluded; aircraft at the same flight level fly at the same average speed; aircraft fly towards an intersection...
User Oriented Approach in Information Communication Technology Research
Zuzana Juchova Juroskova, Boris Bucko
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):148-152 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.148-152
User-oriented approach is changing the way of information systems development and affects the processes, methodologies and paradigms proposed by software architects and developers. In line with that trend we carried out two separate studies where the users were involved in the whole process of the development. The first study used experiment, data mining and text mining and was focused on identifying opportunities for obtaining values of bibliographic elements to digitize objects in order to maximize the quality and quantity of delivering meta-data value elements of physical objects Slovak library database from a user's perspective. The second study...
Monitoring of Surface Damage in Rails After Long Term Cyclic Loading
Katarina Zgutova, Juraj Sramek, Miroslav Neslusan, Peter Danisovic, Jiri Capek
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):153-158 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.153-158
This paper reports about possible concept in which surface damage of the rail after long tem cyclic loading can be executed. This study employs non destructive magnetic Barkhausen noise as a promising technique which exhibits very good sensitivity against extent of surface damage. Magnetic Barkhausen noise is correlated with the conventional parameters of surface integrity expressed in term of the thickness of damaged layer, its micro hardness as well as stress state. Furthermore, phase analysis of the real surface indicates that extensive phase transformations are produced by the repeated severe plastic deformation. Phase composition of the damaged...
Youtube as a New Means of Marketing Communication
Lucie Sara Zavodna, Jan Zavodny Pospisil
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):159-165 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.159-165
This paper discusses a new trend in marketing communication represented by a new generation of YouTubers. The target group, young people aged 12-16, is absorbed in following the YouTubers who set the trends in shopping; not only what one should buy but also when. There is often some kind of cooperation between the YouTubers and some of the well-known companies that provide sample bags with their products for the YouTubers for free. This paper analyzes the Czech YouTube environment, YouTube blogs from channels in English and the results of a questionnaire survey which was conducted on a sample of students who could be described as the Generation Y.
Techno-Economic Aspect of the Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
Zoran Cekerevac, Zdenek Dvorak, Ludmila Prigoda, Petar Cekerevac
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2017, 19(2):166-172 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2017.2.166-172
This paper analyzes some aspects of the man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. After a short introduction, which outlines the essence of this attack, there are presented used scientific methods and hypotheses. The next chapter presents technology of MITM attacks and benefits that a successful attack provides the attacker with. Some of the most significant examples of such attacks, which have a larger scale and significant impact on the broader Internet community, are presented. This part of the article ends with an analysis of possible protection against MITM attacks. Later, on the basis of available data, the analysis of MITM attack from an economic point...