Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina, 2023 (vol. 25), issue 2

Operation and Economics in TransportMechanical Engineering in TransportElectrical Engineering in TransportCivil Engineering in TransportManagement Science and Informatics in TransportSafety and Security Engineering in TransportTravel and Tourism Studies in Transport DevelopmentErratum#

Operation and Economics in Transport

The 15-Minute City Model: The Case of Sicily during and after COVID-19

Socrates Basbas, Tiziana Campisi, Thomas Papas, Mirto Trouva, Giovanni Tesoriere

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):A83-A92 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.021  

Travel restrictions due to COVID-19 initiated a radical rethink of the urban planning process, focussing on a concept initially proposed by Carlos Moreno in 2016; the "15-Minute City" model, aiming at the improvement of quality of life by creating or rearranging cities so that residents' needs can be reached within 15-minutes on foot or by bicycle or by public transit. In continuation to a research in 2020, this paper quantifies the attractiveness of the model to residents in nine regions of Sicily in 2022. Based on statistical analysis concerning the respondents' opinion, the model examined promotes walking as an anti-stress method and improves the...

Analysis of the Impact of the Polish Residents' Mobility on the Environment

Piotr Gorzelańczyk, Aleksandra Śniecikowska

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):A93-A110 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.024  

Environmental protection is a major task for countries around the world in the 21st century. One of the sources of pollution is the road transport. Therefore, an analysis of the impact of the mobility of Polish residents on the environment was carried out. To this end, a survey was conducted, asking questions such as: the frequency of switching from cars to public transportation, the way of moving in and out of built-up areas, the impact of transportation on the environment, the EURO standard, the purchase of an alternative-powered car and eco-driving. This research was carried out on a group of residents, taking into account: age, gender, place of...

Mechanical Engineering in Transport

Development of the Universal Working Equipment of the Excavator for Preparation of Materials Based on Waste during the Road Building

Ivan Georgiadi, Adil Kadyrov, Vyacheslav Kunaev

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):B62-B76 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.022  

The article proposes a technological line for recycling the blast-furnace slag. This line makes it possible to obtain the crushed stone for road building, which has high water and frost resistance. The design of replaceable working equipment of a single-bucket excavator, with replaceable working tools for loosening frozen slag in dumps and preparing it for use in road building, is proposed. The results of testing the manufactured replacement working equipment are presented. The results of mathematical processing of experimental data using the approximation method are presented, as well.

Stability of the Two-Link Metrobus

Volodymyr Sakhno, Viktor Polyakov, Igor Murovany, Svitlana Sharai, Oleg Lyashuk, Uliana Plekan, Oleg Tson, Mariana Sokol

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):B77-B85 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.023  

It has been shown that a perspective type of passenger transport is a metro bus, which can be both two- and three-link. Mathematical model of an autotrain has been developed for a two-link metrobus with both an uncontrolled and a controlled trailer, with the help of which it is established that the speed of the metro bus is 10 m/s, the angular speed of links racking, lateral acceleration, the angles of axle wheels' diversion while manoeuvring of "steering wheel jerk" "Shift" and "turn" have a fading nature of oscillation, which ensures the stability of its motion. At the same time, the value of lateral accelerations in the center of masses of metrobus...

Identification of Flexspline Parameters Affecting the Harmonic Drive Lost Motion Using the Global Sensitivity Analysis

Peter Weis, Lukáš Smetanka, Slavomír Hrček, František Brumerčík, Jakub Fiačan, Muhammad Irfan

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):B86-B94 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.025  

The aim of this research was to find out the specific geometrical parameters of the harmonic drive with the greatest impact on its lost motion. Harmonic drive units are widely used in production automation, robotics and automated manufacturing systems. Virtual model of Harmonic Drive was examined using the finite element method. The analyses were performed with considering the real test conditions of high precision gearboxes with a lost motion value of 4 % of the nominal output torque. The analyses' results were then used to develop a unique approach to obtain a functional relationship between the input parameters defining the shape of the flexspline...

Methodology for Maintaining the Dynamic Characteristics of Passenger Cars

Igor Martynov, Juraj Gerlici, Alyona Trufanova, Vadim Shovkun, Vadim Petukhov, Oleksandr Safronov, Kateryna Kravchenko

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):B95-B102 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.027  

The work presents the results of a statistical analysis of random processes of the coefficient of vertical dynamics of a passenger car variation. To determine the dynamic performance of cars the tests were running on the tracks of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia". The main statistical characteristics of random processes are determined for various modes of car movement along curved and straight sections of the track. As a result of statistical processing of experimental data, correlation functions have been constructed that characterize the degree of connection between different time sections of the process of changing the coefficient of vertical dynamics. The...

Justification of the Cam Roller Parameters for Destruction of the Road Coatings for Obtaining the Lumpy Asphalt Scrap

Rustem Kozbagarov, Nurbol Kamzanov, Marzhana Amanova, Aigyl Baikenzheyeva, Guldariya Naimanova

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):B103-B109 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.028  

Cam rollers can be used to break up cold asphalt pavements. In Kazakhstan, about 70 % of roads have such coatings. It is most effective to open at temperatures above 20 °C. To reduce the traction force and uniform movement of the roller, it is necessary to eliminate the resistance of the coating to the exit of the cams, when rolling the drum by pivoting the cams in the roller's direction. The reliability of the theoretical studies' results was confirmed by production tests of the cam rollers during the opening of the asphalt concrete pavement on the Gulshad-Akchatau highway.

Discussion about Metal Expansion Joints Manufacturing Technology of Preventing Thermal Deformation Pipelines Intended for the Fluids Transport

Piotr Kurp, Hubert Danielewski, Bartłomiej Szwed, Krzysztof Borkowski, Andrej Zrak, Oksana P. Gaponova

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):B110-B117 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.030  

In this paper, the authors discuss the method of deformations compensation (resulting from the impact of variable temperatures and pressure) in pipelines intended for fluids transport (liquids and gases). Classical methods of compensation through the so-called "natural compensation" and using special devices called expansion joints. In this paper authors present research work on a new type of the metal expansion joints, called bellow-lens expansion joints. The mechanically assisted laser forming method, which was used to manufacture the bellow-lens expansion joints, was presented. The method uses CO₂ laser radiation to heat the element from...

Cyclic Variability Correlations to Operating Conditions for Spark-Ignition Engines

Mohamed I. Amin, Ali Elmaihy, Moatasem Shahin

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):B118-B129 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.035  

Variations of successive combustion cycles are associated with power losses, vibration and fluctuations in the engine speed, torque and work done. Previous studies declared that the elimination of cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV) could improve the engine power by 10 %. This work aims at correlating cyclic variability to engine operating conditions to determine the relevant operating conditions that affect the CCV and help designers to predict it. Experimental work was carried out on spark ignition, 4-stroke, 4-cylinder, 2.2 liters, with an 8.85:1 compression ratio and a maximum power of 85 kW at 5,000 rpm. The cyclic variability of many indicators is...

Investigation of the Strength of a Chain Binder for Securing a Wagon on the Railway Ferry Deck

Alyona Lovska, Juraj Gerlici, Oleksij Fomin, Pavol Šťastniak, Yuliia Fomina, Kateryna Kravchenko

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):B130-B139 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.037  

The article presents the results of the strength analysis of the chain binder components for symmetry fixing a wagon on the railway ferry deck, taking into account the actual hydrometeorological conditions of the navigation area. The simulation of the wagon dynamic load during the railway ferry rolling was carried out to determine the loads acting on the chain binder. The strength of the chain binder hook was analysed. The calculation results showed that the maximum equivalent stresses in the hook occur in the radial part and exceed the allowable ones by 23%. Therefore, to ensure the strength of the chain binder, it is necessary to comply with the...

Development of a Prototype of a Protective UV-C Half-Face Mask with Implementation of Additive Technology

Daniel Varecha, Ján Galík, František Brumerčík, Róbert Kohár, Rudolf Madaj, Mário Drbúl, Adam Glowacz, Witold Glowacz, Hui Liu

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):B140-B156 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.038  

The authors of this manuscript present development of a prototype protective UV-C half-face mask. The first stage of this study focuses on proposing a UV-C half-face mask design and the second phase investigates the quality of printings, 3D/2D roughness and porousness of three different printed samples of PA12. Development of the protective half-face mask used the non-destructive technology of 3D scanning of the human body by the Ein Scan scanner. As a part of the experiment, three samples were prepared with Sinterit Lisa, EOS Formiga and HP jet fusion printers. SLS and MJF technology were used during the experiment. The experimental observation of...

Automated Road Milling Cutter for Repair of the Road Surfaces with Variable Trackage

Nurbol Kamzanov, Marzhana Amanova, Aigyl Baikenzheyeva, Guldariya Naimanova, Rustem Kozbagarov

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):B157-B164 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.039  

The article presents a method of experimental research and created stand with metrological equip-ment that allows to simulate the complex process of milling asphalt concrete samples by force and coordinate closure. As a result of the research, regression equations describing the milling parame-ters of asphalt concrete samples, were obtained. It is established that during the transition from the power (elastic) closure of the technological system to the rigid (coordinate) one, milling errors de-crease by up to 15 % and their spread is up to 30 %. The developed method for restoring the road surface can be applied in practice not only within Kazakhstan,...

Electrical Engineering in Transport

Increase of the Automotive Power Transistor Modules Manufacture Reliability Using Ai Detecting System for Soldering Splashes

Dušan Koniar, Peter Klčo, Libor Hargaš, Marek Chnápko, Katarína Pocisková Dimová, Vladimír Kindl

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):C36-C47 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.032  

This study discusses the automated visual inspection of electronic boards used in the mass production of power electronics equipment. Soldering splashes, produced during the necessary manufacturing stages, can affect the hybrid power semiconductor modules' quality, specifications and lifespan. Splashes from soldering may appear in some electronic boards areas when they may cause decreasing of quality of these boards and need to be removed. Image analysis algorithms are used to search for such areas. The automated inspection is based on neural network YOLO. The images of electronic boards, acquired by authors in SEMIKRON Slovakia company, were used...

Civil Engineering in Transport

Improvement Prioritization in Bike Lane Attributes Based on the View of Different Gender and Age Cyclist Groups (Case Study: Qazvin City, Iran)

Shima Zarabadipour, Ehsan Ramezani-Khansari, Alireza Abdolrazaghi

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):D21-D30 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.031  

A survey of cyclists in the city of Qazvin, Iran, was conducted by focusing on improving the bike lane attributes (increasing width, increasing attractiveness or appeal of the bike lane (painting, planting …), improving pavement conditions, improving sight distance and removing obstacles in the bike lane). It was seen that there was no difference between age groups. Two important priorities for the men group were increasing the lane width and improving the sight distance, while the women considered improving the pavement conditions and the appeal of the bike lanes. Increasing the lane width and improving the pavement conditions for the recreational...

Monitoring of Shallow-Grooved Tramway Crossings

Magdalena Křečková, Hana Krejčiříková

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):D31-D38 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.033  

The article presents selected results and the sequencing of research into the project "Long-Term Monitoring of Rail Structures in Tramway Crossings with a Focus on Shallow-Grooved Crossings Aimed at the Optimization of their Maintenance and Noise Reduction", which was running with support from the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic within the Zeta Project (project registration No. TJ04000257) in 2020-2022. The project was elaborated jointly with the Prazska strojirna a.s. Company in cooperation with the Prague Public Transit Company (hereinafter PPTC). The project's objective was to optimize the maintenance of tramway tracks with a focus on shallow-grooved...

Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Background of the Optimal Control of the Concrete Mixture Forming

Pavlo Pshinko, Tatyana Dekhta, Olena Hromova, Oksana Steinbrech

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):D39-D44 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.034  

Concrete belongs to the most used building materials, applied in almost all types of constructions (civil, industrial, road, hydraulic, subway constructions, etc.). Currently, the most common is the vibration method of molding concrete and reinforced concrete products.

Developing Pedestrian Fatality Prediction Models Using Historical Crash Data: Application of Binary Logistic Regression and Boosted Tree Mechanism

Malaya Mohanty, Bitati Sarkar, Piotr Gorzelańczyk, Rachita Panda, Srinivasa Rao Gandupalli, Ampereza Ankunda

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):D45-D53 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.036  

Pedestrian fatality rate plays a key role in examining effectiveness of the road safety. The present study attempts to examine the effect of various categories of accused vehicles and the average 85^th percentile speed at accident location on the pedestrian crash fatality. The study also attempts to develop pedestrian crash severity models using the binary logistic regression and boosted trees technique. Historical crash data, along with the video recording technique at accident sites, have been utilized for the present study. From regression equations, it is observed that when the heavy vehicle (HV) hits a pedestrian as compared to two-wheeler...

Management Science and Informatics in Transport

Analysis of Terrain Modelling Methods in the Coastal Zone

Oktawia Lewicka

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):E1-E14 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.041  

Geospatial data are increasingly used to model the terrain in the coastal zone, in particular in shallow waterbodies (with a depth of up to 1 m). In order to generate a terrain relief, it is important to choose a method for its modelling that will allow it to be accurately projected. Therefore, the aim of this publication is to analyze the terrain modelling methods in the coastal zone. For the purposes of the research, five most popular methods for terrain modelling were described: Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Modified Shepard's Method (MSM), Natural Neighbor Interpolation (NNI), kriging and spline. Each of the methods has been described in a uniform...

Safety and Security Engineering in Transport

Road Accident Analysis and Safety Audit: A Case Study of MDR 132

Amir Ali Khan, Sabir, Sachin Dass, Gyanendra Singh, Saurabh Jaglan

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):F26-F38 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.026  

Road accident and road safety are the key global concerns and problem for emerging nations like India. It has been attempted to examine the accidents that happened on Major District Road (MDR) 132 (Nuh to Hodal), India in the last five years. The primary objective of this study was to perform the Road Safety Audit for identification of accident-prone areas based on Accident Severity Index (ASI) and provide some improvement measures in order to lower the frequency and severity of accidents. Identified accident prone locations (blackspots) were ranked according to the ASI index. The distribution of accidents based on various parameters were also discussed....

Assessing the Impact of Trucking Infrastructure on Freight Efficiency and Safety

Piotr Gorzelańczyk, Jakub Czech, Jolanta Olechnowicz

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):F39-F50 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.029  

The change in people's lifestyles, their desire or compulsion to move constantly and the development of technology, have forced development of communications, which has led, among other things, to an intensive increase in traffic. For this reason, the purpose of the article is to identify the main causes of traffic delays and the factors affecting the sense of safety on the road. It is followed by the analytical part, which presents the effect of a survey conducted on a group of 401 respondents. The respondents' answers show that the most common causes of road accidents and collisions are: failure to adjust the speed to road conditions (89 %), failure...

Erratum

Errata: Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina, 2022, 24(3), p. B228-B238, https://doi.org/10.26552/com.C.2022.3.B228-B238, Prediction of the ultra-large container ships' propulsion power at the initial design stage

Piotr Kamil Korlak

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(2):1 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.040  

Errata: Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina, 2022, 24(3), p. B228-B238, https://doi.org/10.26552/com.C.2022.3.B228-B238, Prediction of the ultra-large container ships' propulsion power at the initial design stage