Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2026.019

Development of a Factor Analysis Model for Assessing the Technical Readiness of the Railway Rolling Stock

Razim Bayramov ORCID...1, Ilham Huseynov ORCID...1, Israil Elyazov ORCID...2, *, Shamil Heydarov ORCID...1
1 Department of Transport Logistics and the Traffic of Safety, Azerbaijan Technical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
2 Department of Transport and Logistics, Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, Baku, Azerbaijan

In this study was investigated the Technical Readiness Coefficient (TRC) of railway rolling stock and associated technical systems. The primary objective was to identify and analyze the key factors influencing TRC and to develop a structured methodology for the factor analysis of railway technical readiness. The research methodology includes the selection of principal determinants, construction of a descriptive analytical model, processing of empirical operational data, and application of regression and correlation analyses. Empirical and theoretical approaches were employed, using statistical data, maintenance schedules, normative tables, and computational tools. Findings can be used for monitoring the TRC, optimizing maintenance and modernization, improving operational efficiency, and supporting evidence-based management decisions. The methodology also provides a framework for evaluating the future railway systems and ensuring continuous monitoring of technical performance under operational conditions.

Keywords: factor analysis, technical readiness, technical diagnostics, operation, maintenance, rolling stock
Grants and funding:

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.

Conflicts of interest:

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest in relation to this research, whether financial, personal, authorship or otherwise, that could affect the research and its results presented in this paper.

Received: November 21, 2025; Accepted: March 9, 2026; Prepublished online: March 20, 2026 

Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. ELYAZOV, I., BAGIROV, B., HUSEYNOV, I., NAZAROV, A., ABDULLAYEV, R. Railway transport vehicles (in Azerbaijani). Textbook for higher technical schools. Baku: 2023. ISBN 978-9952-541-69-4.
    2. HUSEYNOV, I. D. The role and tasks of railway transport in the sustainable development of the country (in Azerbaijani). In: Conference The Role of Azerbaijan's Transit Potential in Economic Development: proceedings. No. 6. 2020. ISSN 2708-955X, p. 330-332.
    3. ZHU, F. Factor analysis of railway passenger transport demand in Eastern China. In: 2018 2nd International Conference on Education, Economics and Management Research ICEEMR 2018: proceedings [online]. 2018. ISBN 978-94-6252-521-4, ISSN 2352-5398. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2991/iceemr-18.2018.83 Go to original source...
    4. BUTHPHORM, O., SUKHOTU, V., HENGSADEEKUL, T. An analysis of the development factors of rail freight transport in Thailand: a structural equation modelling approach. Infrastructures [online]. 2024, 9(7), 102. eISSN 2412-3811. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9070102 Go to original source...
    5. FENG, Y., LAN, Z. Factor analysis of railway carrying capacity coordination optimization considering energy consumption. Journal of Electrical Systems. 2024, 20(9s), p. 676-683. ISSN 1112-5209 Go to original source...
    6. HAILEMARIAM, L. M., NURAMO, D. A. Factor analysis of key parameters for effective design delivery of urban transport infrastructure in Ethiopia. Heliyon [online]. 2024, 10(14), e34681. ISSN 2405-8440, Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34681 Go to original source...
    7. SIMUNOVIC, L., HIRNIG, S., ABRAMOVIC, B. Evaluating the success factors of integrating the railway into the public urban-suburban transport. Transport [online]. 2023, 38(2), p. 105-115. ISSN 1648-4142, eISSN: 1648-3480. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2023.18333 Go to original source...
    8. JANOTA, A., PIRNIK, R., ZDANSKY, J., NAGY, P. Human factor analysis of the railway traffic operators. Machines [online]. 2022, 10, 820. eISSN 2075-1702. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10090820 Go to original source...
    9. THEERATHITICHAIPA, K., WISUTWATTANASAK, P., BANYONG, CH., SEEFONG, M., JOMNONKWAO, S., CHAMPAHOM, T., RATANAVARAHA, V., KASEMSRI, R. Measurement model for determining the disparity factors of intercity railway transportation. Civil Engineering Journal [online]. 2024, 10(3), p. 668-688. ISSN 2476-3055, eISSN 2676-6957. Available from: https://doi.org/10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-03-01 Go to original source...
    10. AKBULAEV, N., BAYRAMLI, G. Analysis of impact of distribution tool railway transport on the economic growth of Azerbaijan. Journal of Distribution Science [online]. 2022, 20(5), p. 23-33. ISSN 1738-3110, eISSN 2093-7717. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.20.05.202205.23 Go to original source...
    11. BINDER, M., MEZHUYEV, V., TSCHANDL, M. Predictive maintenance for railway domain: a systematic review. IEEE Engineering Management Review [online]. 2024, 51(2), p. 120-140. ISSN 0360-8581, eISSN 1937-4178. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2023.3262282 Go to original source...
    12. SARP, S., KUZLU, M., JOVANOVIC, V., POLAT, Z., GULER, O. Digitalization of railway transportation through AI-powered solutions. European Transport Research Review [online]. 2024, 16, 58. eISSN 1866-8887. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-024-00679-5 Go to original source...
    13. ABDULLAEV, A., HUSEYNOV, I., ELYAZOV, I., ABDULLAEV, R. Study of the influence of the technical level of railway vehicles on braking characteristics. EUREKA: Physics and Engineering [online]. 2024, 1, p. 59-69. ISSN 2461-4254, eISSN 2461-4262. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2024.003251 Go to original source...
    14. KUZNETSOV, V. P. Reliability of railway equipment (in Russian). Moscow: Transport, 2020.
    15. IVANOV, S. A. Technical operation of rolling stock (in Russian). St. Petersburg: PGUPS, 2019.
    16. BELOV, A. N. Management of the technical condition of transport systems (in Russian). Moscow, 2021.
    17. SMITH, D. Reliability, maintainability and risk [online]. London: Elsevier, 2022. ISBN 978-0-323-91261-7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/C2021-0-00257-1 Go to original source...
    18. TAKHTAMYSHEV, H. M., ETLUKHOV, O. A. Analytical relationships between the level of use of the aggregate repair method and the technical readiness of the vehicle fleet (in Russian). Bulletin of the Saratov State Technical University. 2013, 2(71), p. 37-41. ISSN 1999-8341.
    19. PALAMARCHUK, N. V., PALAMARCHUK, I. V., CHEHLATY, N. A. Traction rolling stock failure efficiency indicators determination according to the criteria of equipment technical and economic perfection using a fuzzy LOGIS system. Collection of Scientific Papers, Donetsk University of Railway Transport. 2021, 3, p. 65-82. ISSN 1993-5579.
    20. ZUB, I., YEZHOV, Y., STENIN, N. The coefficient of technical readiness as an indicator of the effectiveness of the strategy of technical operation of lifting and transport equipment of terminals. In: 22nd International Scientific Conference Energy Management of Municipal Facilities and Sustainable Energy Technologies EMMFT-2020: proceedings [online]. Vol. 244, 08009. 2021. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124408009 Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return