Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina X:X | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2026.048

Optimising Urban Traffic Flow through Green-Wave Signal Coordination: Effects on Delays, Fuel Consumption and Emissions in Baku

Mirhamid Baghirov ORCID...1, *, Heybatulla Ahmedov ORCID...2
1 Baku Engineering University, Department of Logistics and Transport, Khirdalan, Azerbaijan
2 Azerbaijan Technical University, Department of Transport Equipment and Management Technologies, Baku, Azerbaijan

In this study it was investigated how the traffic optimisation can reduce the environmental impact of urban transport. Traffic flows were modelled on a key urban road section, and traffic-light phases were optimised and synchronised to create smoother movement and reduce intersection delays. Data on traffic volume, delay time, fuel consumption and pollutant emissions were collected before and after the implementation. The results showed a 20-25% reduction in intersection delays, accompanied by an average of 15% decrease in CO2 emissions. Fuel consumption fell by 10% for cars and 15% for trucks. Traffic-light optimisation also improved the flow distribution and increased average speed. Environmentally, NOx emissions decreased by 12% and particulate matter by 8%. The findings confirm the scalability of green-wave control for sustainable urban mobility.

Keywords: air quality, transport infrastructure, emission reduction, environmental sustainability, traffic light optimisation
Grants and funding:

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.

Conflicts of interest:

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Received: April 3, 2026; Accepted: July 2, 2026; Prepublished online: August 25, 2026 

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