Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina, 2025 (vol. 27), issue 3

Operation and Economics in TransportMechanical Engineering in TransportElectrical Engineering in TransportCivil Engineering in TransportManagement Science and Informatics in TransportSafety and Security Engineering in Transport

Operation and Economics in Transport

Economic Determinants of Gasoline Prices: A Cointegration Analysis for Czechia

Jiří Alina, Jiří Nožička

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):A40-A47 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.043  

The long-term relationships between the N95 ("Natural 95") gasoline prices and economic factors, such as Brent crude oil prices, diesel fuel prices, and the CZK/USD exchange rate from 2014 to 2024, was investigated within this research. The Engle-Granger cointegration test was used to identify any stable long-term connections between these variables. Despite the comprehensive tests, facilitated by the Matlab software, no evidence of cointegration was consistently found, indicating that these economic factors do not significantly influence N95 gasoline prices over the long term. The findings suggest that, while the short-term fluctuations in these economic...

Mechanical Engineering in Transport

Determination of Optimal Parameters for Ultrasonic Cleaning of Vehicle Radiators

Aliya Kukesheva, Adil Kadyrov, Baurzhan Moldabaev, Kirill Sinelnikov, Akbope Karsakova, Elvira Kyzylbayeva

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B126-B137 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.031  

The research presented in this article was concerned with the efficiency of ultrasonic cleaning of vehicle radiators based on the cavitation phenomenon. A technique has been developed that takes into account the effect of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude and the time of exposure on the process of removing contaminants. The results of experimental studies are presented that confirm that increasing the exposure time contributes to increasing the washed scale mass and decreasing the time of liquid outflow. The developed regression model describes well the changes in the mass of washed scale, which is confirmed by a high coefficient of determination...

The Operating Procedure of the Device Enhancing the Wheel-Rail Adhesion

Yuriy Y. Osenin, Nataliia Chernetska-Biletska, Sergii Kliuiev

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B138-B146 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.032  

The results of the analysis of sand application efficiency for improving wheel-rail adhesion are presented. An algorithm for the sandbox operation is substantiated, based on supplying sand under the wheels when their slip reaches a critical level, delivering sand in proportion to the vehicle speed, and automatically purging the sand supply pipes. The principle of sandbox operation is based on the mechanical interaction between the moving elements and sand. It has been established that the maximum adhesion coefficient is achieved when the sand is evenly distributed in a single layer within the wheel-rail contact area. The important role of the contact...

Indicators of the Dynamic Interaction of the Track and Freight Wagons with Increased Axial Load

Natalya Tokmurzina-Kobernyak, Arailym Tursynbayeva, Laila Sagatova, Marat Shurenov, Assel Kurbenova

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B147-B157 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.033  

The article is devoted to the study of dynamic interaction of rail track and freight wagons under increased axial load. In conditions of increasing the freight traffic volumes and axial loads, the importance of accurate understanding of the mechanisms affecting the wear of rail track elements becomes especially important. In this paper the authors have carried out experimental research and comparative analysis of freight wagon trolleys of different models. As a result of dynamic tests of the freight wagon trolleys, the necessary parameters of dynamic qualities of different models of wagons and their optimal values of axial loads of freight wagons are...

Research on the Use of Biogas as an Additive to Compressed Natural Gas for Supplying Vehicle Engines

Oleksandr Kravchenko, Roman Symonenko, Juraj Gerlici, Andrii Golovan, Serhii Shymanskyi, Igor Gritsuk, Yuriy Grytsuk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B158-B169 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.034  

Internal combustion engines, which operate in various load and speed conditions, are significant sources of environmental pollution that affect a vehicle's movement in traffic. Automotive engines typically operate in unsteady-state modes, transitioning cyclically from one operating mode to another during vehicle operation. The potential of using biogas as an additive to compressed natural gas for automotive engines was explored within this research. The results of experimental studies on the fuel efficiency and environmental performance of a vehicle with a petrol engine, converted to run on a mixture of compressed natural gas and biogas, are presented....

Justification of the Possibility for Extending the Service Life of Cast Parts of a Three-Axle Bogie Based on Results of the Running Strength Tests to Determine Their Loading

Rustam Rahimov, Diyor Zafarov

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B170-B185 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.035  

The article presents the results of research aimed at assessing the residual life and the possibility of extending the service life of cast parts of a UVZ-9M three-axle bogie used in six-axle scale test wagons. The tests have shown that the maximum stresses in the most stressed areas of the side frame, spring and pivot beams are within acceptable values, which indicates the presence of a residual life. The analysis of safety margin coefficients confirmed that the bogie elements have a significant reserve of operational characteristics. Calculations of the full service life of cast parts, performed based on the experimental data, demonstrated a sufficient...

Statistical Research on Braking Malfunctions of Passenger Rolling Stock in Operation

Juraj Gerlici, Alyona Lovska, Vasyl Ravlyuk, Yaroslav Derevianchuk, Oleksandr Derevyanchuk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B186-B197 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.038  

In this article are highlighted the results of the research on braking malfunctions of passenger rolling stock identified during the car maintenance. Based on the collected statistical material, the key factors that cause braking malfunctions in operation are highlighted. The main brake equipment units that account for the largest number of malfunctions in operation are determined. The data on the malfunctions of air distributors used in passenger rolling stock was systematized using the STATISTIKA software package. To ensure continuous monitoring and timely detection of defects in the brake system of passenger trains, it is critical to use modern...

Influence of Laser Ablation Treatment on Electrochemical Characteristics of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy

Daniel Kajánek, Luboš Halimovič, Martina Jacková, Leoš Doskočil, Ingrid Zuziaková, Branislav Hadzima

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B198-B207 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.039  

In this study was investigated the effect of a novel surface treatment technique, called laser ablation or laser surface cleaning (LSC), on the electrochemical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloys. Its effect on corrosion resistance was compared to conventional techniques represented by grinding and polishing. The corrosion stability of the produced surfaces was determined by potentiodynamic (PD) polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 0.1M NaCl. The results showed that the LSC process produced a regular, uniform surface morphology. Although the LSC treatment led to the passivation of the AZ80 surface, the overall corrosion...

Predicting Residual Life of Toro-40D Units Using the Oil Spectral Analysis Method

Bakytzhan Kyrgyzbay, Mergen Zhumanov, Yerbol Kaliyev, Nurbol Kamzanov, Nursat Baikenzhe, Rustem Kozbagarov

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B208-B215 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.040  

At the underground mines of Kazakhmys Corporation, where different types of highly productive self-propelled equipment with different types of pneumatic wheel drive are operated, there are significant downtime of technological equipment. As practice has shown, application of repair system with use of old methods and means, at operation of underground self-propelled equipment appeared to be ineffective. One of the main reasons of low efficiency of self-propelled machines operation is the absence of the system of continuous monitoring of technical condition of each machine and its aggregates with application of methods and means of diagnostics. To avoid...

Influence of the Cutting Angle on the Resistance of Bulldozer Working Equipment Blade Burial When the Machine Is Moving

Nursat Baikenzhe, Shynbolat Tynybekov, Bakytzhan Kyrgyzbay, Kazyna Ashim, Nurbol Kamzanov, Rustem Kozbagarov

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B216-B224 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.041  

The influence of the cutting angle on the resistance to the bulldozer blade burial during its movement, taking into account the one-sided stressed state of the soil, was studied in the research results of which are presented in this paper. It is established that the resistance to deepening is significantly reduced when the machine is moving, which allows using smaller cutting angles without increasing the energy consumption. Constructive features and kinematics of the working equipment are considered, including a promising parallelogram scheme, which provides automatic reduction of the cutting angle during deepening. Calculations of the resistance...

Determination of the Optimum Combination of Parameters of Specialized Blades for the Shantui SD 32 Bulldozer When Moving Low-Density Materials

Tavbay Khankelov, Maloxat Abdukadirova, Otabek Ochildiev, Zebo Alimova, Gulxayo Niyazova, Anvar Kadirov

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B225-B236 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.042  

Recommendations are given on combinations of parameters of box-shaped and "dump" types of dumps for the SHANTUI SD 32 bulldozer, which provide the highest technical characteristics of the bulldozer when moving low-density materials. The optimal dimensions of a box blade for equipping the SHANTUI SD32 bulldozer are a grasp width of up to 3730 mm, radius of curvature of up to 1700 mm, width of the cutting edge of up to 460 mm, canopy width of up to 140 mm, flap length of up to 860 mm. The optimal dimensions of a "landfill" blade for equipping the SHANTUI SD32 bulldozer are a grasp width of up to 3900 mm, radius of curvature of up to 460 mm, width of...

The Research of the Engine-Reducer Assembly in the Traction Transmi̇Ssi̇on System

Ayaz Abdullaev, Ilham Huseynov, Israil Elyazov, Elchin Yusifzade, Ramin Abdullaev, Allahverdi Sharifov

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):B237-B249 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.045  

During the movement of the train in various operational regimes, a series of deficiencies arise in the mechanical components, which depend on kinematic and parametric factors affecting the working conditions of the traction drive. An innovative traction drive is discussed in this article, which prevents the non-uniform distribution of parametric factors, as well as dissipative, inertial, and elastic characteristics along the length of the track.

Civil Engineering in Transport

Improving the Methodology of Adaptive Traffic Control at Pedestrian Crosswalks

Yuriy Royko, Oleh Hrytsun, Romana Bura, Roman Rohalskyi, Yurii Yevchuk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):D90-D101 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.037  

The paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out at signalized intersections and pedestrian crosswalks in Lviv (Ukraine). The study covered intersections with different traffic conditions. Therefore, the intersections were classified into three types. It was found that the share of pedestrians who cross the road on the prohibitive traffic signal varies from 7% in the central areas to 13% near transport hubs. A methodology, which predicts the pedestrian behavior when they make decisions about crossing the roadway, is proposed. Recommendations were developed for choosing the optimal traffic light control modes. It was found that increasing...

Management Science and Informatics in Transport

The Influence of Three Parent Crossbreeding on the Dual Population Genetic Algortihm

Esra'a Alkafaween, Obada Alhabashneh, Maram M. Al-Mjali

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):E35-E45 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.036  

A genetic algorithm (GA) is an optimization technique based on natural genetics, using selection, crossover, and mutation. Crossover combines genetic material from two parents to create offspring, maintaining diversity and preventing premature convergence. While the two parents are typically used, multi-parent crossover, involving more than two parents, has shown superior results. in this paper is explored the multi-parent crossover in dual genetic algorithms, which facilitate information exchange between populations through interpolation crossbreeding. Offspring inherit traits from both parent populations, improving adaptability. The Cave-Surface...

Safety and Security Engineering in Transport

Evacuation Transport Provision Design Using Network Analysis with Gis Support

Jozef Kubás, Jozef Ristvej, Boris Kollár, Katarína Petrlová, Alexandra Trličíková, Kateřina Blažková

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2025, 27(3):F13-F27 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2025.044  

The research presented in paper has focused on design of the transportation evacuation during a special flood caused by an accident at a water structure using GIS-enabled network analysis. Freely available population and address point data were used to calculate the number of residents at risk. Three scenarios of time required for each evacuation activity were determined using the PERT method, and the time required for evacuation was determined using a Gantt chart. The approach proposed in the paper is suitable for obtaining relatively quick results that can be taken into account when preparing for crisis events. The results of the case study proved...