Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina, 2010 (vol. 12), issue 3
Articles
Communication Across Nations
Jana Lopusanova
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):5-12 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.5-12 
These days goods, capital, and labor move freely across borders. During the last forty years international trade has increased by 1500 % as tariffs have fallen from 50 % to less than 5 %. That is why multinational companies like Exxon do two-thirds of their business outside the US and components for the new Ford come from fifteen different countries. The management of global companies as well as the management of brands internationally has partly become a cross-cultural issue where communication across nations takes the crucial role on the way to success.
Presidential Doctrines and Strategies of American Foreign Policy from 1947 To 1965
Marek Hampl
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):13-19 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.13-19
This paper analyzes the most important doctrinal statements of American foreign policy from 1947 to 1965. Attention will be primarily focused on The Truman Doctrine, the writings by George F. Kennan, The Eisenhower Doctrine and the Johnson Doctrine. These statements of US foreign policy constituted broader strategy of containment of Communism during the first two decades of the Cold War. I shall argue that these declared doctrines and strategies provided theoretical background for containment of the Soviet influence on a global scale. Also, the doctrines and strategies provided basis for active involvement of the United States in the regions where...
The Language Game as the Constitutive Component of Postmodern Plurality with Regard to Moral and Intellectual Preferences of Contemporary Society
Zuzana Zilova
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):20-23 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.20-23
The contribution deals with the analysis of postmodern plurality by applying the term a "language game" to the postmodern condition. It makes use of the word that originally derives from Wittgenstein's analytic philosophy and was supplemented with Lyotard's conception that sees the society as the multi-central body consisting of many independent areas. It tries to emphasise the advantages of the situation such as freedom of expressions, wide range of options to choose from, creativity, but faces up disorganization. It examines the possibility of development and the role of knowledge in the situation of plurality.
School Stress Coping Strategies Checklist
Katarina Mackova, Andrea Gavlakova
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):24-29 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.24-29
This paper deals with school stress and describes coping strategies used in load situations. Empirical research reveals what extent of stress pupils of elementary schools perceive as well as what coping strategies are most commonly utilised. Based on the findings we can conclude that the extent of the stress perceived by the sample group of school children is moderate and they resort to coping strategies such as "avoidant action" and "distracting action".
Using Activities as a Way of Proceduralization of Learners' Language Knowledge
Danica Gondova
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):30-34 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.30-34
The new education law [20, p. 5] emphasizes the importance of studying foreign languages in which learners should gain communicative competence and reach B2 level of the Common European Framework [2007] when they finish their secondary education. In order to achieve this objective, learners need to gain procedural knowledge of the target language. This objective is achievable if teachers activate learners and let them construct their own meanings of language in activities focused on gaining not only declarative knowledge, but also language habits and secondary language skills. Activities enable learners to work independently; teach them to think productively;...
Television Programmes in the Acquisition of English Pronunciation
Zdena Kralova, Rastislav Metruk
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):35-39 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.35-39
The study analyzes the influence of watching authentic TV programmes in English on the non-native speakers' level of English pronunciation. We tried to detect the correlation between frequency of watching TV programmes and perceptual analysis of English pronunciation of our respondents which was done by native speakers.
Structural Models in Technical Texts as a Result of a Linguistic-Pragmatic Analysis
Katarína Pankuchova, Andrea Gavlakova
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):40-43 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.40-43
Typical structural models in technical language, their use in understanding, translating and producing technical texts as well as in technical language teaching, engineering and technology (word-formation, grammatical and syntactical structural models and their pragmatic-linguistic analysis). Comparison of typical linguistic structures in Slovak, German and English technical texts.
On One Class of the Infinite Non-Abelian Groups
Ludovit Tomanek, Anna Tomankova
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):44-47 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.44-47
We present some properties of one class of the infinite non-abelian groups. We deal with a generalization of the INH and KI groups. Our main results are Theorem 1, 2, 3 and Theorem 4.
New Forms of Natural Sciences Education in the Context of Lower Secondary Education in the Slovak Republic
Jan Stebila
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):48-53 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.48-53
In our country, there is no debate on road safety education and convenience of the use of computers to carry out this issue. We are aware of the vastness and complexity of the issue and we know that we can and we should explore it in great detail. It is interesting for us to know if pupils achieve better learning results in the first three areas of Niemierko taxonomy (remembering, understanding, specific transfer) when multimedia teaching aid (other than MTA) is used in teaching, and if pupils learn more actively in the classroom, where MTA is used in comparison to teaching applying the traditional teaching methods.
Application of Determiners in Phraseological Units Containing Names of Human Body Parts
Marta Lackova
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):54-57 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.54-57
The article deals with formal expressive means of the category of determination which are applied in phraseological units of the English language containing names of human body parts (nouns ear, eye, face, foot, hand, head, heart are the focus of our attention). At first, the article provides a brief introduction into the linguistic area of determination. Three types of determiners (predeterminers, central determiners, postdeterminers) are classified in order to provide background information for further research. Moreover, general rules dealing with the use of articles with reference to body parts are introduced. The above mentioned types of determiners...
Introductory Remarks on the Stratification of Borrowings through the Work of Mary Serjeantson
Dalibor Mikulas
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):58-60 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.58-60
This paper examines the area of borrowings, the definition of borrowing as a process, the broader debate on the conditions of borrowing, reasons for borrowing describing both linguistic and extralinguistic aspects, the stratification of borrowings with its subclasses and consequent terminology. All of these issues are debated on the basis of the work of Mary Serjeantson.
Mathematics and Finance
Maria Kudelcikova
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):61-65 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.61-65
This article presents how mathematical tools can be used in finance. It also shows some interconnections among several parts of mathematics as mathematical analysis, numerical analysis and financial mathematics. Linear interpolation is used to calculate unknown interest rate in various parts of financial mathematics.
Nontraditional Approach to Studying Science and Technology
Peter Hockicko
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):66-71 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.66-71
The present paper informs about nontraditional teaching activities which can help teachers and students to reach better results in the studying process. Information and communication technologies (ICT) in physics education can help to increase the effectivity of the teaching process. For students, physical analysis using computer programs is more demonstrative, learning physical equations is quicker, understanding of the physical laws is easier. It is necessary to catch them young. Because of this reason the Children's University of Zilina (CUZ) has been realized in the summer time for children attending elementary school. The questionnaires for children...
Modern Methods Applied in Teaching Physics
Miroslav Nemec
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):72-74 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.72-74
This paper deals with modernization of teaching acoustics. We prepared the study material with qualitative exercises. In the text we pay attention to physical and ecological aspects of sound and noise. Further we analyze sound as an example of mechanical waves. The main part of the work is creation of video experiments in the field of acoustics as well as experiments supported by the computer software that would enable analysis of sounds and sound filters. We created ten experiments and further developed them into methodological and study material.
Factors Contributing to Freeway Crashes and Collisions: Some Measures and Findings along TDM Implementation
Ren Xian-qiang, Liu Jian-yi
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):75-79 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.75-79
Freeway plays an important role in economic and social development, especially for developing countries such as China, which is also an essential issue in TDM strategy. Therefore, proper infrastructure maintenance and management are significantly necessary. Currently, accident related factors and exact effect degree are mostly conducted by human observation. Automated operation would substantially improve the processing speed and accuracy of the key processing tasks, factor detection, classification and degreeing, since the human observation of the large amount of data is tedious, error-prone and time-consuming. 20032005 accident data is surveyed from...
Neural Network Optimized by Genetic Algorithm of Models for Real-Time Forecast of Traffic Flow
Jun Hai-min, Pei Yu-long
Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2010, 12(3):80-84 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2010.3.80-84
Short-term traffic flow forecast plays an important role in transit scheduling. A high-order generalized neural network model is constructed to actualize dynamic forecast on-line and a hybrid genetic algorithm and identical dimension recurrence idea are performed to optimize the structure and shape of neural network dynamically so as to enhance its forecast accuracy. With data collected from Dazhi Str., Harbin as the system input, the experimental result indicates that the average relative error of forecast is 5.53% and the maximum is less than 21%, which proves that the proposed neural network model can satisfy the precision request, accelerate the...