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In this study are analysed the determinants of road traffic fatalities in the Visegrad Group countries during 2000-2024, using a balanced panel and fixed-effects models with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors. The results show that the higher motorization and a longer high-standard road network are associated with lower fatalities. By contrast, the GDP per capita and unemployment increase fatalities in the baseline model, although these effects are sensitive to alternative specifications. Public expenditure on road infrastructure has no robust immediate effect, with only limited evidence of delayed benefits. Overall, the findings suggest that the road safety depends not only on economic growth, but on the quality and structure of infrastructure development, as well.

In this article is addressed the optimization problem of assigning aircraft to parking stands on the apron of international regional airports. The goal was to position an aircraft on the airport apron in a way that complies with operational, capacity, and safety constraints while optimizing the value of the selected optimization criterion. In contrast to other commonly published approaches, problem considered here focuses on minimizing passenger transport between the parking stands and the terminal via airport buses. To solve this problem, a linear integer programming model is formulated and solved using the Xpress-IVE optimization software. The model’s functionality is tested using real operational data from Ostrava International Regional Airport.

A machine learning framework for predicting the traffic accident severity under class imbalance conditions is predented in Amman, Jordan. The methodology began with a preprocessing pipeline consisting of IQR-based (Interquartile range) outlier removal, label encoding, feature scaling, and Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). Sixteen model configurations were considered, comprising four ensemble learning algorithms (XGBoost, LightGBM, Random Forest, CatBoost) under oversampling, with Optuna-based Bayesian hyperparameter optimisation. The result indicated that the class balancing using SMOTE had a greater influence on the predictive performance than hyperparameter optimisation, specifically for CatBoost model. Feature importance showed that vehicles involved, collision type, and speed are the strongest predictors of accident severity.

In this paper is presented a cloud-based framework for automated acquisition and visualization of Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite CO₂ data. The system employs an ETL pipeline with OPeNDAP protocol for selective data retrieval, reducing network overhead while processing L2 Standard and L2 Lite FP products. Built on Amazon Web Services (AWS) infrastructure, using Python (Pandas, Dash, Plotly) and Docker orchestration, the modular architecture implements dependency injection for runtime flexibility. The deployed system achieves daily automated ingestion with 2.25 km × 1.29 km spatial resolution, enabling the real-time monitoring through interactive web visualization. The system is designed as a foundation for future analytical research, providing ready integration points for machine learning models to perform advanced CO₂ pattern recognition and predictive analysis.

The sustainability of international transport remains a critical topic of concern in both theory and practice. Ideally, scientific literature should align with practical needs, but such concurrence is not always present. This disparity is also evident in the specific issue of consignment delivery, which is currently of a great practical importance but lacks sufficient coverage in scientific literature. This paper aims to analyse current trends in maritime transport and their relevance to achieving global sustainability in international transportation. Additionally, it seeks to compare these findings with the practical needs and requirements of the industry, in order to provide constructive recommendations for further research. To accomplish this objective, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using scientific databases, including Web of Science and/or SCOPUS.

In this study is proposed and evaluated an adaptive traffic signal control system designed to synchronize the road and railway signaling, minimize collision risks, and improve traffic flow. Results show that adaptive control reduced average queue length for over 46%, cut vehicle delay for 34%, lowered stop frequency for 74%, and decreased CO₂ emissions for nearly 46% compared to static control. Further analysis examined the effect of varying the distance between intersections and railway crossings, revealing significant safety and efficiency gains when the separation exceeded 80 m. The findings demonstrate that intelligent, sensor driven traffic management can substantially enhance both safety and throughput in these complex transport nodes, while delivering environmental benefits.

Road traffic remains a major contributor to carbon dioxide emissions, making innovative energy solutions essential. Electric vehicles (EVs) offer a promising alternative, however, current lithium-ion batteries face limitations in power output, energy density, and cost. To address these challenges, hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) combine batteries for energy storage with supercapacitors for rapid power delivery. In this study was explored an optimization tool for EV operation using HESS configurations and evaluates performance through MATLAB Simulink simulations across various driving cycles. The results highlight trade-offs between the performance, weight, and cost, which vary by vehicle class. While HESS improves energy efficiency and extends battery life, its complexity and expense limit feasibility for medium and high-class vehicles. Lower-class vehicles benefit most from this approach. Ultimately, tailored HESS designs adapted to specific driving conditions can enable more sustainable and efficient electric vehicles.

Parametric transition curves designed to guarantee a smooth transition from tangent (straight) tracks to circular segments in the horizontal-plane projection of a railway track alignment. A rigorous theoretical framework was developed to express the functional dependence of curvature, deflection angle, and Cartesian coordinates on the curve's arc length. To validate the theoretical derivations, a detailed computational experiment was performed, fully confirming their correctness and accuracy. Furthermore, a methodology for constructing coordinate tables as a function of arc length - highly valuable for practical railway design and field layout - is provided. A robust mathematical apparatus for the curvature-based design of railway transition curves is established. The results demonstrate that the coordinates of the circular arc center were optimized and refined to the required level of precision.

The risk assessment of the area, with emphasis on the transport infrastructure, is dealt with in this paper. Disruption of some elements of transport infrastructure can lead to major negative impacts on the functioning of society, economies or states. The article therefore starts with presentation of the characteristics and importance of the road transport infrastructure with regard to its vulnerability. The core of the paper is the identification of vulnerable elements of road transport infrastructure and their parts and the subsequent vulnerability assessment of the selected element of the road transport infrastructure in the selected area. Therefore, the aim of the research, presented in this paper, was to propose a method for identifying and assessing the vulnerability of road transport infrastructure elements using the latest approaches in the field of vulnerability assessment. The proposed vulnerability assessment procedure is applied in the conditions of the city of Rajec in Slovakia.

The spatiotemporal redistribution of traffic flows under alternating blocking of channels at a signalized four-leg intersection is investigated using the case of Augustusplatz in Leipzig, Germany. Observations were conducted over three days, with flows recorded in 48 half-hour intervals per day across four directions and four categories of vehicles. For stochastic modelling, the negative binomial distribution, Taylor’s dispersion index (VMR), Shannon entropy, and an approximation based on M/G/1 queueing theory were applied. A mathematically grounded framework for the real-time network control is proposed, highlighting the necessity of adaptive signal timing adjustments to accommodate stochastic fluctuations and spatial overcompensation effects during node closures.

Internal combustion engines, which operate in various load and speed conditions, are significant sources of environmental pollution that affect a vehicle's movement in traffic. Automotive engines typically operate in unsteady-state modes, transitioning cyclically from one operating mode to another during vehicle operation. The potential of using biogas as an additive to compressed natural gas for automotive engines was explored within this research. The results of experimental studies on the fuel efficiency and environmental performance of a vehicle with a petrol engine, converted to run on a mixture of compressed natural gas and biogas, are presented. A comparative analysis was conducted on the fuel and economic performance, as well as environmental indicators of A-92 petrol, compressed natural gas, and a mixture of compressed natural gas and biogas in the European driving cycle modes.

The presented research is aimed at assessment of issues relating to strength of a universal container of the standard size of 1CC while it is transported on the sea by a railway ferry. Further it is considered that the container is located on a flat wagon at which, it is fixed to the upper deck of a railway ferry. Three load scenarios were considered in the research. Each of these scenarios are characterized by loaded conditions defined in the study. The structure of the investigated container was modelled in a commercial simulation software. The dynamic loads acting to the container structure for all three considered schemes, were carried out using mathematical modelling. The finite element method was applied to the numerical analyses of strength of the container structure. It was revealed by means of simulation computations, that the maximal stress in the container structure was of 102.4 MPa within the permissible limits and the maximal displacements of 4.5 mm were achieved.

Background - The decline in walking interest on campus is an unresolved issue. Through this study, factors that influence walking intention by integrating the Walkability Index and UI GreenMetric standards are identified. Methodology -The measuring instrument for data collection in the form of a questionnaire was distributed to 110 respondents at Padang State University. The data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and PCA with Varimax Rotation. Results - As a result, 5 factors were identified with their eigenvalues for pedestrian-friendly sidewalk design, namely: comfort (6.867), technical suitability (2.200), accessibility (1.662), safety (1.156), and sidewalk dimensions (1.142), with a KMO value of 0.823. Conclusion - Comfort is the most dominant factor that infrastructure planners can prioritize by focusing on elements that enhance it, such as the availability of supporting facilities, minimizing mode conflicts, and path cleanliness.

In this article is dealt with the ways of improving the diagnostic accuracy of braking systems of passenger cars, taking into account the operational factors. A diagnostic system that monitors the pneumatic processes and transmits the data in real time has been implemented. The method proposed has provided an increase of reliability from 83.1% to 87.6%.

Logistic regression has been a widely used prediction technique to analyze categorical variables. However, if the assumptions are violated the results may be biased. The study in this paper applied an analytical technique namely generalized ordered logit model. A case study of using urban light rail under pandemic conditions was applied for the analysis. The results suggested that logistic regression should not be applied before exploring the multicollinearity and applying the test of parallel lines. If the assumptions are violated, generalized ordered logit model should be considered. Regarding the predictive variables, sociodemographic, socioeconomic and travel pattern, related variables were found to have a statistically significant impact on the perception of safety and infrastructure of urban light rail. The outcomes of the study would provide a deeper understanding of developing regression models for categorical variables for future studies.

Widespread application of advanced transportation technologies in conditions of open-pit mining with the use of high-capacity belt conveyors is limited by the need for additional crushing of overburden rocks and minerals. Accordingly, the quality of crushing of rock mass, the output of oversize during drilling and blasting operations at quarries and open-pit operations significantly affect the possibility of using flow and cyclic-flow technologies with the use of conveyor transport. In this paper is presented a method of increasing the energy efficiency of the explosive pulse in drilling and blasting operations by means of developed gas pedal designs to improve the quality of crushing and conditions of conveyor delivery of rock mass.

In this study is presented an analytical mathematical model developed to determine the forces arising during the active penetration of machine working bodies into sticky rocks. The methodology is based on the method of element-by-element calculation of resistances, where the contact zone is divided into discrete prisms of material. As a result of the analysis, a final formula for the total penetration force is derived. This formula shows the dependence of the resistance force on the dimensions of the tool (thickness, depth, angle of sharpening) and the physical characteristics of the rock (internal friction, adhesion, stickiness). The model serves as a reliable engineering tool for the design and optimization of working bodies of earthmoving and mining equipment.

The purpose of this study was to determine the vibrations transmissibility characteristics of an air suspension system (ASS) with self-damping air bellows to assess the comfort and safety of the ride. The conceptual design of a pneumatic self-damping air bellow is presented, which involves forced airflow through a damping orifice between the air bellow and an auxiliary reservoir. Two dynamic models, classical and simple, of the analyzed air bellow were used for numerical modelling solutions. Vibrations transmissibility charts as a function of the frequency ratio and at different damping ratios were determined using the accepted excitation forces. The different vibrations transmissibility states and dynamic characteristics of the air bellow for the frequency ratios and individual damping (inherent, pneumatic self-damping, and hydraulic absorber) in the ASS range were examined.

Transport is a phenomenon currently used in almost every sector. That is why attention is to be paid to transport safety, which should not only be addressed in relation to situation in cities or urban areas, but it is also necessary to deal with transport safety in larger enterprises where motor traffic encounters non-motorized traffic. The authors elaborated a similar research study. The introductory two sections analyze the current situation in terms of identifying bottlenecks of the traffic organization on the industrial site and possible separation of motor from non-motorized traffic to ensure safe access to workplaces and improve safety of transport on the site. In the most important part of the study, the obtained results are presented, wherein the "load" of the individual entry and exit points is specified. Thereafter, based on the acquired data, particular solutions related to transport safety with appropriate discussion are proposed.

Bio Fuels are considered as good alternatives for conventional fossil fuels. By the year 2020, in the GCC region these fuels are able to meet around 0.5 - 1 % of total transportation fuel demand. This industry grew at rate of 3.4 % over the period of 2015-2020 with a strong projected growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Bio fuels are used to operate automotive for mining and construction industries. Critical barriers in foreign investments pose a major challenge for growth of this sector in the GCC region.

The purpose of this research was, among other things, to show that the carpooling model can be regarded as a manifestation of collective intelligence and a response to the crisis of sustainability in today's ICT-based economy, which makes carpooling services a cheaper alternative to transportation services provided by other modes of transport: train and bus. The main research problem is contained in the question: How do collective intelligence and the tenets of sustainability influence the popularity of carpooling and the lower cost of carpooling services, compared to those provided by other forms of transportation? The critical literature analysis method, the comparison method and the statistical method, among others: the Mann Whitney U test and the Kruskal Wallis ANOVA test, were used in implementation of the study.

Road markings are essential traffic control devices that guide drivers, particularly at night and under adverse weather conditions common in tropical regions. In this study is investigated the performance of thermoplastic road markings enhanced with phosphorescent phosphorus using rosin ester as a binder. Laboratory experiments with varying phosphorus concentrations were conducted to evaluate luminance, retroreflectivity, and skid resistance under dry and wet conditions. The results show that a 30% phosphorus content provides the best overall performance by improving the nighttime visibility and retroreflective properties without compromising the skid resistance. All measured parameters comply with the Indonesian SKh-1.M-03 road marking standard. The proposed material demonstrates strong potential to enhance the road marking visibility and driving safety in tropical environments.

In this article, improvements in assembly workplace layouts in an industrial context are investigated to enhance productivity and efficiency. The installation of the Cleaner M300 device is focused on, existing layout challenges are identified, and targeted improvements are proposed. Data collection, analysis, and real-world experimentation are employed to evaluate current workplace conditions and potential enhancements, including material flow dynamics and transport cart utilization. Proposed solutions are aimed at streamlining assembly processes, minimizing material transportation time, and boosting operational efficiency. The effectiveness of these improvements is validated through qualitative feedback from workers and supervisors. The importance of improving workplace design to enhance manufacturing operations, increase productivity, and improve transport efficiency is underscored by the study.

This study is an attempt to derive and to compare the Passenger Car Unit (PCU) values of vehicle types present in the stream, obtained using the Chandra's method, homogeneous coefficient method, speed-based modelling, and multiple linear regression method. Using the data collected from five sites of Sonipat City with varying traffic and geometric characteristics, it was found that Chandra's method is the best method to derive the PCU values in heterogeneous traffic conditions on divided urban roads. The PCU values obtained from Chandra's method are closer to IRC (Indian Roads Congress) code values. The PCU value of e-rickshaw was also estimated in this study, and it was found that it is smaller than one using the Chandra's method. The result of the comparison of obtained PCU values and values given in the IRC code points to conclusion that the IRC codes pertaining to PCU values need revision.

The expansion of infrastructure in developing countries have led to a surge in car ownership. Although cars offer greater safety, their less passenger occupancy has contributed to reduced level of service (LOS). The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of passenger occupancy of various modes of transport on LOS. Detailed on-field surveys, including video recordings and questionnaires have been used to collect data, which is subsequently analyzed. The study findings suggest that a huge improvement in LOS and congestion can be achieved if public transportation is used more. Even usage of 3Ws and 2Ws can reduce congestion compared to usage of cars. While a person using a bus uses just 0.48 m2 of the road space, a person using car uses 2.23 m2 of the road space. The findings of this research are intended to inform traffic engineers and practitioners in developing more balanced traffic management strategies.

The development of IT technologies in the systems of tickets sales facilitates the charging and differentiating the fare amounts versus distance, as well as in the systems of public transport on short distances, in the urban, suburban and regional transport. The essence of the transport activity consists in covering a distance and a part of cost components and thereby the total costs, increase with the distance covered by means of transport. In a similar way the calculation of fares depending on distances may be considered as the most appropriate from the point of view of transport as a service. Inaccuracies and deviations during the distance measurements have various results, which further on may have effect on analyses, comparisons, correctness during the fare calculations, as well as settlements related to public financing of the public transport. An independent and precise distance measurement is indispensable to eliminate the impact of the measurement method on distances.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using a simple reed valve model of an engine with periodic workflow. To achieve this purpose, models of the reed valve have been developed and determined that the quasi-stationary model allows one to find the air flow through the reed valve with an accuracy of 5-6%. The limits of permissible values, at which the model has a minimal error, correspond to Strouhal number of 0.2-0.3. This data confirmed that with proper consideration of the existing limitations, the quasi-stationary model gives results close to those provided by the complex dynamic models.

Electric vehicles (EVs) require efficient compressors for air-conditioning and battery thermal management, typically driven by a dedicated electric motor. In this paper is dealt with the design and optimization of a stator-magnet transverse-flux linear oscillatory machine (SMTLOM) intended for such compressor applications. The topology employs permanent magnets embedded in the stator, enabling simplified assembly, improved vibration robustness, and reduced dependence on rare-earth materials. A detailed 3D finite element analysis was conducted to maximize the performance, while minimizing the volume of permanent magnets. The results demonstrate the feasibility of SMTLOM for EV compressor drives and highlight the trade-offs between force capability, efficiency, and magnet usage.

Construction development is inevitable, while despite its advantages and its benefits, it may lead to several problems related to landfill and its storage, referring to the high volumes of concrete waste currently generated annually, almost 2.0 ton/per capita according to Eurostat. In Algeria, the government has integrated waste management strategy [3] provision to recovering 60 % of construction waste by 2035, which can translate to an urgent need to find innovative ways to recycle concrete waste. One is using those wastes to produce aggregates; however, around 20 % of those aggregates represent fines, wich can lead to several issues if not considered in the concrete mixture. This work is an investigation that allows for using this fine fraction as partial replacement of cement. The result confirms the feasibility of using this material efficiently by applying an optimization process, ensuring an optimal cement replacement percentage.

The paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out at signalized intersections and pedestrian crosswalks in Lviv (Ukraine). The study covered intersections with different traffic conditions. Therefore, the intersections were classified into three types. It was found that the share of pedestrians who cross the road on the prohibitive traffic signal varies from 7% in the central areas to 13% near transport hubs. A methodology, which predicts the pedestrian behavior when they make decisions about crossing the roadway, is proposed. Recommendations were developed for choosing the optimal traffic light control modes. It was found that increasing the duration of the restrictive signal for pedestrians increases the probability of crossing the road during the restrictive signal of the traffic light. It emphasizes the need to adjust the duration of the traffic light cycle in areas with heavy pedestrian traffic.