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The paper reviews the road traffic accident registration form and discusses existing practices carried out in Uzbekistan. The popularity of mobile phones/tablets and internet technologies in daily use and their increasing power in terms of speed and memory could assist efficiency and accuracy in the road traffic accident data collection. The authors review up-to-date mobile/internet technologies for the road accident data registration and propose a novel approach that covers various data sources including police data, hospital data, road department data, insurance company data, transport company data and social media data. The proposed approach integrates all the data into a single system (database), which can be used for public audit and research purposes.

The article presents a method of experimental research and created stand with metrological equip-ment that allows to simulate the complex process of milling asphalt concrete samples by force and coordinate closure. As a result of the research, regression equations describing the milling parame-ters of asphalt concrete samples, were obtained. It is established that during the transition from the power (elastic) closure of the technological system to the rigid (coordinate) one, milling errors de-crease by up to 15 % and their spread is up to 30 %. The developed method for restoring the road surface can be applied in practice not only within Kazakhstan, but outside the country, as well.

The paper presents the research on revealing the causes of belt conveyors downtime at open-pit mining operations. By results of researches it is established that the reasons of the above mentioned problems are technological dust formed at crushing of mineral ore, further loading and unloading, and also at transporting by conveyors. Dense dust-air mixture settling on the rotating mechanisms of conveyors, gets into the bearing units and on the surfaces of friction gears, which accelerates the process of wear of parts several times.

Every year, many people lose their health and/or lives on Polish roads. One of the reasons for this is behavior of pedestrians at pedestrian crossings, which affects the road safety. The aim of the article was to conduct experimental research, the idea of which was to study the behavior of pedestrians at pedestrian crossings in the city of Pila, the results of which can be applied to Poland. During the research, the behavior of pedestrians and the impact on the probability of a road accident were analyzed. Undoubtedly, the prevailing epidemic, during which people are in many respects limited, had an impact on the results obtained, therefore the number of people at the analyzed crossings may have decreased. The conducted research confirmed the Police statistical data that the most dangerous crossings for pedestrians are those without traffic lights.

Logistics is a very important service, which can influence the international trade. However, the rates in the development of international activities vary by country. In developing countries, the share of the logistics services is increasing, while the share of manufacturing activities, especially those with the lower added value, is declining due to the relocation of production to other countries. In order to achieve competitive advantages in the logistics sector, the development of logistics services with the higher added value is required. The effectiveness of logistics processes is very important for international competitiveness. In the paper, is presented the literature review on logistics performance. After presenting relevant research, the effectiveness of logistics is compared using the logistics performance index based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The DEA analysis is a benchmarking technique which is useful for a multi-criteria comparison. Values of the international logistics performance index for 2016, for selected European countries, were used for the input and output variables of the DEA model. European countries rank high in the international comparison of the logistics performance index. In the paper, it was found out that the compared countries are competitive in international business, but not all the countries are considered as efficient. Germany achieves the highest points in the international comparison of the LPI but, does not achieve efficiency. We also found out that Austria, Serbia, Russian Federation and Bosnia and Herzegovina were efficient, while other compared countries did not.

The paper is focused on assessment of the transport services in small towns. Current legislation in the Slovak Republic, however, does not clearly determine which cities must provide the urban public transport (UPT). Analysis of the current state of the UPT evaluated 71 district towns of the SR and it was found out that 21 towns did not provide operation of the UPT. Another criterion for evaluation was the number of inhabitants of the city over 10,000 in Slovakia and selected regions of the Czech Republic and Poland. The paper presents results of a research conducted in the area of a transport operation, along with a proposal for the content of the methodology, based on a multi-criterial analysis to assess the need to introduce the UPT. The EU research results, regarding dependency of a GDP size and transport performances in UPT in selected EU states, Switzerland and Norway, are presented, as well.

A surface treatment process, composed of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and sealing by temporary oil preservation system containing corrosion inhibitors, was performed on AZ31 magnesium alloy in order to improve its corrosion resistance in environments containing chlorides. Both atmospheric and immersion conditions were evaluated by electrochemical tests in 0.1M NaCl solution together with salt spray test according to STN EN ISO 9227 standard. The obtained results confirmed significant improvement of corrosion resistance reached by the PEO sealing in aggressive environments compared to the pure PEO coating on AZ31 surface. Hence, such a duplex coating is a very perspective alternative for magnesium alloy applications in severe conditions or for temporary protection of magnesium products coated by the PEO during marine transport.

Freight wagons are among the most widely used means of transporting goods by land. Such a number of wagons and transported material and amount of material need to meet requirements in terms of safety and reliability. A wagon bogie is a key element in the wagon running safety point of view. The Y25 bogie is a most used bogie for freight wagons in the region of the central and west Europe. As this bogie was developed several decades ago, it is interesting to evaluate its running properties according to current standards. The presented research brings results of calculation of chosen basic indicators in terms of running safety. The calculations of the freight wagon with the Y25 bogie was performed by means of a multibody model. Simulation computations were carried out for an empty and loaded wagon, which has been running in curves with various radii and at several running speeds.

The article presents a model designed dummy for crash test in ADAMS. The simulated model dummy has dimensions, shapes and mass corresponding to a 50-percentile man. The simulation program allows modification of the dummy parameters. It allows to study the dynamics of motion, distribution of forces and loads of individual parts of the body of the simulated model. The article describes the design process and how to select the appropriate stiffness and damping joints for the simulated dummy. The article contains the results of simulation crash tests performed in the ADAMS program, which were compared to results of the Hybryd III dummy physical crash test. The simulation is designed to reflect the greatest compliance of the movements of individual parts of the human body during the low speed collision.

The authors have studied the methods of loading bulk cargo in the railway transport. The developed method of loading bulk cargoes into containers transported by railway platforms has been developed. The article deals with experimental studies of maximum stresses in the design of the proposed stationary hoist. The studies have been carried out in the ANSYS software environment with development of simulation models of the hoist design.

Growing environmental concern prompts vehicle users to search for cleaner and ecological transport modes. Many consumers and organizations have decided to replace conventional diesel or gasoline powered vehicles with alternative drive or alternative-powered vehicles. Operating conditions may have a heavy influence on the operating parameters of vehicles, such as: airpollution emission, energy consumption and fuel consumption. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the life cycle of conventional and hybrid drive vehicles in various driving conditions. The presented LCA results show that replacing a conventional diesel or gasoline vehicle with a hybrid electric drive vehicle results in approximately 40 % lower total lifetime air-pollutant emissions than those of conventional drive vehicles in urban driving conditions.

Testing the impact of the drag coefficient on an F16 aircraft model, depending on the angle of attack was performed. First, a navigation model was introduced describing the preliminary and computational assumptions of the model. The final part of the present paper contains the relationships between the wind angle and the wind correction angle at the angle of attack = 0⁰, = 11⁰, = 13⁰ for a full-scale F-16 aircraft. The tables present results of all the calculations for individual angles of attack, taking into account variable wind angles relative to the longitudinal axis of the runway. The values show the corrections calculated for an 1/19 scale aircraft model and for a full-scale F16 aircraft. The "right" and "left" designations represent the direction from which the wind blows in relation to the aircraft.

The aim of this paper is a critical discussion on application of a framework for tourism disaster management and the response of governments and communities to crises and disasters. Perception of danger and threat might be decisive factors, which could undermine image, reputation, and competiveness of a country. It might have also a decisive influence on the performance of a country from the economic point of view and especially influence on service provisions, for instance infrastructure (transportation), safety and security. The conceptual approach to research is based on analysis and discussion of the applied models of crisis management in tourism. Main purpose of this paper is to overview and compare methodological and conceptual approaches of academics to crises and disasters in published articles dealing with the creation of pro-active risk management models and their application.

The main objective of the study was to develop a model and analyze the thermomechanical behavior of the hub material of the vehicle brake disk. The simulation strategy was based on the solution of the three-dimensional problem of the theory of elasticity for the case of effect of external loads and temperature fields on the metal structure element of the vehicle brakes. To solve this type of task of the theory of elasticity, the differential equations of the second order were used for the first time. Adaptation of the proposed model, completed in the article, has proved the correctness of use of these equations in modeling the thermomechanical processes with determination of stresses and displacements in unevenly heated rotary cylinders of the final length. The proposed method can be applied with high efficiency in stress strain state simulation of individual parts of vehicles.

Elimination of connection between an increase in transport and economic growth has been the main aim of the transport policy of the EU for a few years and it has not been accomplished yet. Transportation causes considerable external costs that have concrete originators but are not paid by them. The biggest external costs are connected with emissions, noise, accidents and congestions. In this contribution, the problem of congestions, which currently bother drivers in EU was analysed, together with possibilities for their solving, since the congestions' reduction is one of the priorities of the EU's transport policy. The task was to observe a relation between the basic traffic flow characteristics on the specific section of the road no. I/65 and to identify effects on traffic in general, as well as to specify reasons and conditions within the traffic congestions that occurred. These results are a basis for the theoretical proposal of possible solutions of the issue.

This study presents a new dynamic modeling of a vehicle by considering the engine dynamics. By selecting the vehicle coordinate system as the reference frame, all the force-torque equations of the sprung mass and unsprung masses are derived in this coordinate system by using the Newton's equations of motion. Unlike the previous researches, in this work the sprung mass of the vehicle is not considered as a rigid body. The dynamics of the sprung mass components, such as gyroscopic effects of the engine crankshaft, is considered. In order to study the vehicle's dynamic behavior, in the J-turn maneuver, the governing equations of the full-car model are evaluated and validated by the numerical simulation method and ADAMS/Car software. Based on the results, the maximum roll angle and roll rate of a vehicle reach about 8 degrees and 40 degrees per second, respectively.

Theoretical identification methods for complex industrial control objects give very cumbersome and complex mathematical relations, the use of which for practical purposes is not constructive. In this regard, methods for obtaining mathematical models based on experimental data have now become the main focus of identification theory. In this paper is described the method of identification of industrial control objects developed according to their acceleration characteristics. The structure of the object under study is determined by the type of amplitude-phase frequency response and dynamic parameters are determined by experimental data. The high adequacy of the method is confirmed by similar studies on known (reference) models. The scientific novelty of the work consists in development of a new method for identifying complex industrial control objects by their acceleration characteristics.

The safety of road users is one of the priority issues raised by those involved in vehicle design, latest passive and active safety systems, traffic organization or driver education. Nowadays, an important road safety problem is the behaviour of drivers in emergency situations. In order to measurably estimate the driving quality, parameters such as velocity, acceleration, the way and frequency of using the control pedals are quite often used. This article describes how to assess driver's behaviour based on measurements taken on the road. The frequency of different acceleration ranges during the vehicle drive was determined based on the results obtained. For the arbitrarily adopted acceleration range of - 0.5 - 0.5 m/s2, the driver's working time was over 77 percent on average, with the difference varying significantly between different route sections. Similarly, the study compares the driving times for other ranges of acceleration.

System requirements in the automotive industry are constantly evolving and being improved. Currently, the entire supply chain, related to the automotive industry, is subject to the fourth amendment to the technical automotive standard - IATF 16949: 2016 Quality management systems - Detailed requirements for the use of ISO 9001: 2015 in serial production and production of spare parts in the automotive industry. In IATF standard, there are advices called reference manuals that provide important guidance on the quality system in this industry - one of them is the FMEA manual. The new guidelines in this regard, developed jointly by AIAG and VDA, entered into force in June 2019. Presentation of the most important changes introduced, as well as presentation of a practical example of the conducted analysis is the purpose of the article.

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are powerful heuristic search techniques that are used successfully to solve problems for many different applications. Seeding the initial population is considered as the first step of the GAs. In this work, a new method is proposed, for the initial population seeding called the Multi Linear Regression Based Technique (MLRBT). That method divides a given large scale TSP problem into smaller sub-problems and the technique works frequently until the sub-problem size is very small, four cities or less. Experiments were carried out using the well-known Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) instances and they showed promising results in improving the GAs' performance to solve the TSP.

The aim of the study is the numerical analysis of a bolted connection under the conditions of loss of bearing capacity of some fasteners in this connection. The joined plates in the connection were made of the 3D finite elements, while the fasteners were treated as hybrid models consisting of rigid heads and nuts and flexible beams between them. A model of unilateral contact with friction was used between the joined plates. The bolted connection was first preloaded according to three different tensioning sequences and with a normalised force. After all the bolts were tensioned, the selected bolts were removed, simulating bolt damage under connection loading conditions. The connection was tested for external compressive loads up to 210 kN. The effect of the loosening of the connection on the load in the remaining bolts at the stage of the connection operation was investigated.

Despite the very important role of primary arteries and transportation network in providing relief for regions affected by an earthquake and black spots, they have received less attention. Therefore, in the current study, at first, the status quo of the traffic black spots and safe regions was identified to predict the movement direction, evacuation of residents from their habitat and temporary residence using the region zoning. The trips were assigned to the network based on the trip distribution matrix and their relevant travel times both related to the crisis state. The results indicated that out of 94 traffic regions, located in the area under investigation, 7 regions were put in the very low risk or safe regions group and 10 traffic regions were put in a very high-risk group. Additionally, the results indicated that out of 794 links, located in the area under investigation, about 32 links will have a very undesirable status following an earthquake.

The growth of big data processing market led to an increase in the overload of computation data centers, change of methods used in storing the data, communication between the computing units and computational time needed to process or edit the data. Methods of distributed or parallel data processing brought new problems related to computations with data which need to be examined. Unlike the conventional cloud services, a tight connection between the data and the computations is one of the main characteristics of the big data services. The computational tasks can be done only if relevant data are available. Three factors, which influence the speed and efficiency of data processing are - data duplicity, data integrity and data security. We are motivated to study the problems related to the growing time needed for data processing by optimizing these three factors in geographically distributed data centers.

Parking is an unrelenting problem, with more vehicles having an impact on the way how to park a vehicle. Some experts have made various breakthroughs in overcoming parking problems; one of them is using smartphone technology as a system to facilitate the way to park. This study aims to analyse user acceptance using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology UTAUT method with structural equation models (SEM-PLS), against 221 respondents. The result is that performance expectations, effort expectancy, and social influence variables have a significant effect on behavioural intention. Then the facilitating conditions variable and behavioural intention significantly influence the use of behaviour for using smartphone parking systems. Furthermore, this research is expected to help the government to find out what factors affect the parking system.

Delivery time means a certain period in which the carrier is obliged to transport the consignment from one place to another. The delay occurs when the carrier does not deliver the consignment to the consignee within this period. The authors analyse individual legislative documents regulating the transport - legal conditions of international transport. In addition, they present the reasons for the delay in delivery of the consignment and point to the carrier's liability for non-fulfilment of the obligation to transport the consignment within the delivery period. By comparing the results, authors state that there is a diversity of regulations in the field of international transport, especially in the context of the multimodality development. Such a diversity in regulations causes inconsistencies in the transport market and therefore there is a need to harmonize unimodal transport systems.

The additive manufacturing (AM) of products involves various processes, such as raising the temperature of a work-piece (part) and substrate to the melting point and subsequent solidification, using a movable source of heat. The work piece is subjected to repeated cycles of heating and cooling. The main objective of this work was to present an overview of the various methods used for prediction of the residual stresses and how their contributions can be used to improve current additive manufacturing methods. These novel methods of manufacturing have several merits, compared to conventional methods. Some of these merits include the lower costs, higher precision and accuracy of manufacturing, faster processing time and more eco-friendly approaches to processes involved.

The purpose of this study was to improve the diagnostics efficiency of modern diesel engine injectors with electronic controls. Experimental studies, performed using certified specialized equipment of injectors' manufacturers and standard software packages for data analysis, made it possible to prove adequacy of theoretical research and get results that are more accurate. Those results contribute to development of a software product that allows identifying a particular faulty element during the defective injector's operation by using mathematical processing of the diagnostic data obtained when testing the injector. Thus, the time spent to repair the fuel injection system reduces. The developed software product also helps to predict the remaining injector's operational life and prevent possible technical failures during operation.

In decisions about transportation for family vacations, the distribution of the decision-making role between fathers and other family members is subject to characteristics of the society, the travel and the household. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present a data-mining model that identifies the relative importance of those determining characteristics in predicting the probability of the father's predominance in transportation decisions for family vacations. By investigating cases across four East Asian societies and using exhaustive chi-square automatic identification detector analysis, it was found that the primary source of the family's income was the strongest predictor of the father-determined likelihood of decisions about vacation transportation. The results also suggested that the decision tree method is appropriate for targeting the father-predominant market of transportation in cross-societal contexts.

To improve the general traffic safety in conditions of winter ice at traffic interchanges and to extend the overall service life of the roadway, it is proposed to use energy-saving thermal stabilization of a bridge deck pavement by transferring the low-temperature geothermal energy by heat pumps. The practical and computational parts of the pilot plant work are demonstrated and discussed. In order to analyze the need to use additional thermal joints, computer simulation was performed in the LIRA-CAD-2018 software package with subsequent extrapolation to a real bridge span.

This article considers the trunk lines, connected with the feeder region as the external environment for the system - feeder lines (its subsystems are container flows, ports and container ships). Hub ports are considered to be the boundary of the system and the external environment. Thus, mathematical models were simulated for the two levels. At the first level, container flows are determined (based on statistical data), which enter and exit the hub. At the second level, the mathematical model allows to find for the feeder line: volumes of container flows, the total capacity of the ships which serves the cargo, and parts of the distribution of this capacity between feeder ports.