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The paper presents the results of a test on a composite bridge girder of a length of 42.0 m, which was performed to assess its resistance, stiffness and crack resistance. Composite reinforced concrete beam with three blocks is joined by the two monolithic joints. When testing a beam with monolithic joint in terms of stiffness, crack resistance and strength, a load of 943.5 kN was achieved without cracking, which is 26.8 % higher than the required one.

The Centre of Excellence at the University of Zilina was established in 2009 as a new approach to research supported by EU. This model has been acknowledged around the EU as a highly effective way to strengthen a country's research capacity, build partnerships and translate discoveries and advances into economic prosperity and a better quality of life for all citizens. The Centre of Excellence for transport service and control at the Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications at the Department of Road and Urban Transport consists of the laboratory of transport service, laboratory of mass passenger transport control and laboratory of freight transport. The main objectives of these laboratories are presented in this article.

The paper addresses the driving dynamics of emergency fire trucks. It focuses on the issues of braking, measuring real braking distances and calculating adhesion coefficients. It presents the results of measuring the real braking distances for firefighting vehicles - type water tenders. Measurements were taken on dry asphalt and depending on the vehicle's speed of travel. Experiments were conducted on five types of firefighting vehicles. The results of measurements are mainly used by fire protection units to the drivers' self-education to improve safety when driving to intervene.

The paper reviews the road traffic accident registration form and discusses existing practices carried out in Uzbekistan. The popularity of mobile phones/tablets and internet technologies in daily use and their increasing power in terms of speed and memory could assist efficiency and accuracy in the road traffic accident data collection. The authors review up-to-date mobile/internet technologies for the road accident data registration and propose a novel approach that covers various data sources including police data, hospital data, road department data, insurance company data, transport company data and social media data. The proposed approach integrates all the data into a single system (database), which can be used for public audit and research purposes.

The article presents results of verification of the kinematic measurements usefulness for precise real-time positioning RTK in the local reference system. These measurements allow for continuous RTK measurements in the event of temporary interruptions in radio or internet connections, which are the main reason for interruptions in RTK kinematic measurements and cause a decrease in the reliability and efficiency of this positioning method. Short interruptions communication are allowed during the loss of the key correction stream from the local RTK support network, so the global corrections obtained from the geostationary satellite are used. The aim of the article was to analyze the accuracy of measuring the position of moving objects. Practical conclusions were formulated according to the research subject, the presented mathematical models, the experiment and the analysis of the obtained results.

The article deals with the analysis of selected technical and economic aspects that influence decision making process when choosing a car with an electric drive - an electric car. Environmental friendliness is beginning to be one of the key aspects in the context of electric vehicle selection, but its final choice is still affected by the standards offered by internal combustion vehicles. In our case, the relevant standards were defined when using the results of a questionnaire survey, the criteria of scales, which are used to compare selected types of electric passenger cars in the conditions of the Czech Republic. The aim of the article is to select an appropriate electric car by using specific techniques of multi-criteria decision making - the Basic Variant method and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The scientific value of the article lies primarily in its applicability to the global environment and the variability possibilities of criteria set and their significance.

The paper presents possible models of electric buses purchase financing, taking into account purchase prices higher now than in the case of traditional buses. During the research, the solutions used on several continents and in many countries were analysed, including the USA, China and many European countries. The qualitative research methods were used, focusing less on the describing and dimensioning the current state and more on creating and presenting theories and the implementation proposals themselves. As a result, it also allowed to include issues related to applicability and implications of formulated solutions for managerial practice.

This study employs the grey models to explore Nigeria’s road transport energy consumption, vehicle population and vehicular emissions. The vehicular emissions were evaluated using the European Environment Agency Tier 1 Approach, based on the fuel consumption. A baseline scenario, based on historical data and three other alternative scenarios were developed. The study considered fuel quality, vehicle technology and survival rates as the key drivers of scenario formulation. Results show that vehicle population increases by about 3.58 % annually from 12.9 million units in 2018 to 38.5 million in 2050. Analysis of the alternative pathways reveals that their adoption would significantly reduce road transport energy consumption and air pollutant emissions.

The purpose is to determine the impact of operating conditions on the reliability of vehicles, to identify the main causes of failure of truck units and assemblies and to find ways to improve their reliability. The main methods are a systematic approach to analysis of complex technological systems, the fault tree analysis to identify the most common causes of failure of trucks in the climatic conditions of Central Asia. It has been revealed that one of the frequent causes of failure of units and assemblies is fatigue failure, the finite element modelling of which allowed the study to obtain a diagram of limit deviations for various cycle asymmetries and as a result, the ability to predict the process of fatigue failure under the influence of external factors. The study results are aimed at the possibility of predicting the failure of components and assemblies of trucks conditioned by fatigue failure.

The article presents the concept of building and controlling a Bricklaying Robotic System (BRS). The research presents the design process and how to control a four-cylinder electro-hydraulic servo drive system. The article presents a mathematical model and optimizes the process of aligning the mobile support platform of the masonry robot. The lifting mechanism was presented and its kinematic analysis performed. The mathematical model of the hydraulic system was described. The control system, designed for the masonry robot lifting platform, includes position errors for a single drive axis and synchronization errors between the axes.

This article presents an analysis of the supply and demand of a FFBSS recently implemented in the city of Bologna, Italy. The main aspects treated in this paper are: analysis of bike availability; temporal analysis of FFBSS demand; calibration and validation of a novel model that predicts the number of daily trips per available bike. This model is based on a linear combination of several day attributes, including meteorological and day-type attributes. Moreover, an origin to destination analysis is generated showing the spatial distribution of FFBSS trips. The methods are applied to a scenario with almost a million GPS traces recorded between July and October 2018 by the FFBSS in Bologna. Findings could support FFBSS companies to better understand the fluctuation of both the transport demand and supply of this relatively recent transport mode, as to make more efficient decisions when distributing or relocating bicycles.

The paper presents the research on revealing the causes of belt conveyors downtime at open-pit mining operations. By results of researches it is established that the reasons of the above mentioned problems are technological dust formed at crushing of mineral ore, further loading and unloading, and also at transporting by conveyors. Dense dust-air mixture settling on the rotating mechanisms of conveyors, gets into the bearing units and on the surfaces of friction gears, which accelerates the process of wear of parts several times.

The aim of the article is to find out differences in the perception of selected factors that determine the business environment among selected groups of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), divided according to the sector of the national economy they belong to. The first group included SMEs from the sector of transport and services. The second group included SMEs from the construction, manufacturing and agriculture sectors. The questionnaire was completed by 459 SMEs in the Czech and the Slovak Republics. To evaluate the formulated hypotheses, the Chi-square test and the Z-score were used. The case study showed interesting findings. The SMEs in transport and services perceive the competitive environment as more acceptable than the SMEs in construction, manufacturing and agriculture. In addition, the SMEs in transport and services are of the opinion that customers accept prices of their products and services to a greater extent than the SMEs in construction, manufacturing and agriculture. There are also significant differences between selected groups of SMEs in assessing the quality of the judicial system in commercial law and the view that the current level of macroeconomic indicators supports entrepreneurship and creates interesting business opportunities. The national economy sector is not an important criterion in assessing financing, the family environment, R&D infrastructure, the quality of the business environment or the quality of education. The paper brings interesting findings and new incentives for small and medium-sized enterprises; for organizations supporting the business environment; for further research and discussion on the cross-sectoral assessment of the business environment quality and its important factors.

The aim of the article is to assess the efficiency of the parking system on the example of the Jadwizyn estate in Pila in the light of sustainable development. For this purpose, an organoleptic test of the use of the parking space was carried out for 7 consecutive days, at three different times of the day (morning, noon, evening) in December and January.

Technology integration in transportation enhances the efficiency towards urban mobility management. The effective implementation of such technologies requires exploration of vital factors of acceptance and use. This study synthesizes a review work on the road-transport technologies' literature from 2011 to 2021 by contemplating the adoption mechanism keywords such as "acceptance", "usability", "adoption" of technology in transportation, mobility and numerous transport technologies through Boolean operators. Total of 42 articles from 20 developed and developing countries are enlisted for analysis. Numerous Information System (IS) theories and behavioral dimensions are emanated from surveyed literature. Avoid-Shift-Improve (ASI) framework is also materialized to understand the inferences of reviewed articles. Study conclusions are debated for implications of transport technologies from citizens' perspective.

The work presented here aims at investigating the feasibility of iron-based Fe-SMA (shape memory alloy) reinforcement as an alternative to conventional steel reinforcement. The conventional steel reinforcement shows large plastic strain, low resistance to corrosion, low resistance to fatigue and also inadequate recentering capability. As a result, advanced materials available in the form of superelastic (SE) shape memory alloy (SMA) are fabricated to form structural reinforcements. This FE-SMA mitigates the problem of long-lasting deflection by using its reversible stress-strain capability. This iron-based Fe-SMA may be stimulated between the temperatures of 90 to 150°C, with which it is possible to strengthen the reinforced concrete (RC) beams without any crucial damage. The stress-strain behavior in tension, corrosion resistivity, pull-out tests of Fe-SMA reinforcement and flexural strength of RC beam were evaluated experimentally. The FE-SMA exhibits recovery stresses of 250-300 MPa subjected to a temperature of 160°C. A comparison of load-carrying capacity of iron-based Fe-SMA reinforcement is also shown.

The work presents the results of a statistical analysis of random processes of the coefficient of vertical dynamics of a passenger car variation. To determine the dynamic performance of cars the tests were running on the tracks of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia". The main statistical characteristics of random processes are determined for various modes of car movement along curved and straight sections of the track. As a result of statistical processing of experimental data, correlation functions have been constructed that characterize the degree of connection between different time sections of the process of changing the coefficient of vertical dynamics. The obtained indicators of the law of distribution of the vertical dynamics coefficient values, approximating the models of correlation functions and the numerical values of their parameters, make it possible to further simulate the process of loading a passenger car without carrying out lengthy expensive tests.

The study analysed the driving performance and visual impairment of 92 participants under six different distraction scenarios. Using a car simulator and by simulating two real-world roads, a variety of data was collected, including driver behavior and vehicle-related data. According to a statistical analysis conducted during and before the distraction on road 1, females significantly increased speed more than males when using a hand-held call (=scenario #3), hands-free call (=scenario #4), text (=scenario #6), and voice command text (=scenario #7). The Kruskal-Wallis H test was performed on gender, age, vehicle speed, throttle, and offset from the center of the road subcategories, while selecting the more correlated variable with each type of distraction. Finally, the generalized linear regression model was used to provide a significant relationship between the frequency of distraction and highly correlated independent variables.

The comparative analysis of the two hybrid composites, obtained by the compocasting process, based on A356 and ZA-27 alloys and reinforced with 10 wt. % SiC and 0, 1 and 3 wt. % graphite (Gr) is presented. Optimisation of their tribological behaviour was performed by the Taguchi method and the artificial neural network (ANN). Tribological tests were performed on a block-on-disk tribometer, at three sliding speeds, three normal loads and a sliding distance of 600 m, without lubrication. Results obtained by the ANOVA showed that the hybrid composites based on A356 alloy have the better wear resistance and that the composite reinforced with 10 wt. % SiC and 1 wt. % Gr has the lowest wear rate. The lowest coefficient of friction was obtained for a composite based on ZA-27 alloy reinforced with 10 wt. % SiC, at a normal load of 10 N and sliding speed of 1 m/s.

The present study has developed regression models to study the impact of side friction factors on speeds of vehicles in urban roads. The factors that were considered are on-street parking, pedestrian movement, water stagnation, encroachment, poor road condition and wrong side driving. Three locations from Vellore and Chikmagalur cities in India were selected and vehicle speeds, side friction parameters and flow were collected through videographic survey for 6 hours duration. It was found that the speeds of vehicles were in the range of only 11-23 km/h due to side friction. The study has proposed a "simple arithmetic operand" method to overcome the multicollinearity problem and it predicts well, the speeds with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between 8-29 %. The arithmetic operand method proposed in the present study can be applied in other fields as well to overcome the multicollinearity problem.

The article highlights the problem of occupational safety of a technological truck driver by improving the process of determining the level of occupational risk by studying the relationships between various external and internal hazards. A special algorithm is proposed, the main difference of which from the known ones is the procedure for analyzing and determining the causes of dangerous factors, for which it is proposed to use the “Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation” method (further - fuzzy Dematel). A cause-and-effect relationship has been established between dangerous factors that affect the work of a truck driver while driving a vehicle.

One of the main problems to be solved by the transport operators is the substantiation of the vehicle models servicing the transport lines. A game-theoretical approach is proposed in this paper to justify the bus model choice based on the passengers' preferences and the structure of the passenger flows. To estimate the customers' preferences, the membership functions for fuzzy sets of the optimal vehicle models were defined. The simulation experiment aiming to estimate the city fleet structure in terms of the vehicles' capacity was conducted for the Talas city (Kazakhstan) based on the proposed approach with use of the corresponding software implementation of the developed mathematical models. As a result of the experimental studies, the impact of the passengers' flow structure and the number of carriers on the rational structure of the city bus fleet was studied in the paper.

Both the current cellular network and the planned 5G mobile network need to meet high dependability standards, very low latency requirements, larger capacity, better security and fast user communication. In order to support multiple independent tenants on the same physical infrastructure, mobile carriers are working towards end-to-end network resource allocation in 5G networks. Future communication networks will require data-driven decision making due to the increase in traffic and the accelerated performance of 5G networks. With the use of in-network deep learning and prediction, a "deep slice" model was built in this study to control network load efficiency and network availability. Even in the event of a network outage, the suggested model is capable of making wise selections and choosing the best network slice.

The attractiveness of public transport is not high and therefore it is obvious that private transport is the preferred mode of transport. The interest in public transport has declined even more since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, during which passengers feared the rapid spread of the disease in public vehicles. As a result, the habit of traveling individually has increased. This paper highlights the massive increase in private transport in the V4 Countries by the use of private vehicles and the related decrease in use of public transport. It also presents some of the relevant tools of the Smart City concept that could improve the use of public transport in cities. This paper is aimed at highlighting the current use of public bus transport (including public transport) in the V4 countries vis-a-vis the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and highlighting the information and communication technology (ICT) - related means of incentivization.

Activity-based costing is one of the procedures that proved to be very suitable for the financial management of warehouse activities in the automotive industry. Accurate and up-to-date data enables managers to properly plan and manage all the warehousing related activities in the automotive industry. In the activity-based costing approach, overheads costs are allocated in relation to specific logistics activities of the company. The aim of the article is the application of activity-based costing to the logistics cost calculation for warehousing in the automotive industry. The article focuses on the practical application of activity-based costing to the logistics cost calculation for warehousing in the automotive industry to a particular logistics service provider. It highlights the positive and negative use of this method in the practical case study, which is one of the major qualitative scientific methods. The resulting effect of using the activity-based costing method should be to refine the information that is used for the decision-making problems of the top management of the logistics service provider.

Traffic in Mexico City poses a serious problem of vehicle saturation that causes a decrease in speed and increased transport time in the streets that suffer mobility collapses. A macroscopic model of vehicular traffic is used to show the effect of viscosity on the vehicular variables (speed and vehicle density), applied to two avenues in Mexico City, is studied. The input parameters were calculated following the Greenberg model. As the original model presents numerical divergences, the two assumptions corresponding to conservation of the vehicle's mass and the viscous term are modified. The results suggest that the viscosity depends on time and that it can be adapted to recommend modifications in urban mobility parameters, or even to implement the public planning policies in construction of infrastructure for urban transport, to make vehicle flow more efficient.

The results of an experimental study of efficiency of the cavitation treatment of a fuel mixture, based on A-95 gasoline and distilled water, for automobile internal combustion engines are presented. Cavitation treatment of this fuel mixture at a percentage of water/gasoline of 17/83 % allows increasing the cost of gasoline up to 15-20 % when operating engines on flat and sloping sections of roads and in traffic jams. Due to the cavitation treatment, the engine power is reduced by only 6/7 %. The design of the created automobile electromagnetic vibrating cavitator is described. Its application will not only save fuel, but increase the completeness of combustion of water-gasoline fuel mixture, i.e. improve the environment, as well %.

The article presents results of the overpass condition survey, technical survey, static tests and assessment of the structure operational reliability, a double-decker overpass on Almaty-Kapshagai highway section in Kazakhstan.

The article presents a search for links between the Periodic Technical Inspections of Vehicles (TI) and traffic accidents due to vehicle technical defects in the Slovak Republic. Based on these links, it is sought to assess the justification for TI regarding the road safety. For this purpose, statistical data on traffic accidents, caused by vehicle technical defects as well as data concerning TI carried out were examined. The first finding was that the approaching end of the validity of the TI, the probability of traffic accidents due to technical defects increases for vehicles. The second finding was that with the increasing number of vehicles assessed at the Periodical Technical Inspection Stations (PTI) as temporarily roadworthy and not roadworthy, the number of accidents due to vehicle technical defects was decreasing. The results formulated in this paper show that the TI have a measurable effect on traffic accidents caused by vehicle technical defects, thus positively affecting the road safety and thus having a demonstrable justification.

Bio Fuels are considered as good alternatives for conventional fossil fuels. By the year 2020, in the GCC region these fuels are able to meet around 0.5 - 1 % of total transportation fuel demand. This industry grew at rate of 3.4 % over the period of 2015-2020 with a strong projected growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Bio fuels are used to operate automotive for mining and construction industries. Critical barriers in foreign investments pose a major challenge for growth of this sector in the GCC region.