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New network architectures are required for a flexible service provisioning. These are characterized by the transition from channel-switching to packet-switched networks. The amount of the collected information needs to be provided in these network architectures at the right time at the right place for processing in the control systems and end-systems. The warranty of parameters such as duration and availability within the network architectures is a requirement for the function of the service to be provided. The requirements must be specified for an application to a suitability of the architecture in terms of safety with the required parameters for reliability and specifically to evaluate the high availability.

SALIANT - Selective Antibodies Limited Immuno Assay Novel Technology is the title of the research project developed and realised by a European consortium of biotechnology companies, universities and government forensic laboratories within the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), Security Theme. The aim of this project was to develop a hand-held device for real-time analysis of trace levels of explosives, chemicals and drugs. The key innovation was a positive detection lateral-flow test for small molecules that is rapid, highly sensitive and simple to use making it ideally suited to deployment by First Responders and Forensic Service Providers at crime scenes and terrorist incidents. The Faculty of Special Engineering of the University of Zilina (FSE) as a project team member, was responsible for the task of evaluating the efficacy and sensitivity of the SALIANT technology for explosives detection for emergency responders' use. This paper provides the results and details about conducted experiments for the TNT explosive which were carried out in real-world conditions. The trials were specifically oriented on verification of the explosion products coverage and possibilities of their measuring by the SALIANT system.

Spectrum renting is a technique for improving the efficiency of spectrum usage and alleviating the scarcity of the available spectrum in mobile cellular networks. Since the first proposal of spectrum pooling, several works have been done in this area. In this paper, we propose a finite-source queuing model in which service providers may rent each other's unutilized frequency bands. Our model contains two source pools: one for subscribers generating fresh calls in the investigated mobile cell, and another for modeling handover calls. The model considers the traveling of subscribers over the borders of the investigated mobile cell, too. Moreover, we take into account the retrial phenomenon caused by the impatience of subscribers. It has been already shown in the literature that the use of spectrum renting improves the main performance indices while the average profit rate increases. In this paper, we show how these parameters change with respect to the protection of handover calls.

The article presents the analysis of electrical signals and system reports of motor vehicles in which the mileage counter indication has been questioned under service conditions as compared to the vehicles mechanical wear and tear. The essence of the aforementioned deliberations is an attempt at determining the universal procedures allowing for obtaining data concerning the actual vehicle mileage. Search for the intended method results from many factors functioning on the used motor vehicle market. The major factor is the uncontrolled safety level on the roads among the road users and, equally important, financial frauds in the area of motor vehicle sales, as well as vehicle cost estimation by the insurance companies.

Heat treatment of active components of cold-moulding tools is a necessary operation to guarantee their functionality. The tools made by this method lost required quality of durability and period of service and losses caused by their frequent exchange are high. One way we can stop it is by coating the active parts of pressing tools by thin, hard and abrasion resistant deposit that is suitable by definite method of the tool stress.

This article deals with structural, fractographic and non-destructive analysis of a defective rotor made of 26NiCrMoV14-5 steel and assessment of possible technological failures resulting in the occurrence of cracking and subsequent defects. Metallographic analysis of the microstructure and evaluation of the steel metallographic purity were executed, including analysis of inclusions present and ultrasonic testing. Attention was paid to fractographic analysis of fracture areas. Degradation possibilities were monitored in relation to technological failures. The aim was to elucidate the cause of the rotor defect hindering its operational use.

This paper describes the process of recording, annotation, correction and evaluation of the new Broadcast News (BN) speech database named KEMT-BN2, as an extension for our older KEMT-BN1 and COST-278 databases used for automatic Slovak continuous speech recognition development. The database utilisation and statistics are presented. This database was prepared for evaluation of the automated BN transcription system, developed in our laboratory, which is mainly used for subtitle generation for recorded BN shows. The speech database is the key part of the acoustic models training for specific domains and also for speaker and anchor adapted models creation.

This paper analyzes some aspects of the man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. After a short introduction, which outlines the essence of this attack, there are presented used scientific methods and hypotheses. The next chapter presents technology of MITM attacks and benefits that a successful attack provides the attacker with. Some of the most significant examples of such attacks, which have a larger scale and significant impact on the broader Internet community, are presented. This part of the article ends with an analysis of possible protection against MITM attacks. Later, on the basis of available data, the analysis of MITM attack from an economic point of view is given. In Conclusion, the summary of the whole analysis is performed.

Communication is very important for people. Means of communication are constantly increasing and new forms, and ways of communication are developing because of technological innovations. The paper is focused on a part of the marketing research of customers´ contentment and their preferences in order to determine their requirements and preferences in the field of mobile and data services of mobile operators. Results and conclusions of this paper should help mobile operators to identify customers´ needs and allow to customize their service offers. The level of competition in the selected market is relatively low, despite the fact that it is growing nowadays. The first part of the paper focuses on the theoretical basis of customer satisfaction in the telecommunications market and the second part on preferences survey and customers´ contentment in the market and its evaluation results.

This paper deals with the diagnostic support and its implementation possibilities to urban public transport quality management in the city of Zilina. It describes the Quality Function Deployment method with its own House of Quality tool along with its building. The complex building of the House of Quality was made in order to identify the key drivers needed to be improved for higher customers' satisfaction with the service quality.

A design of the parametric models estimating a quality of synthesized speech transmitted through IP networks is presented in this paper. A Genetic Programming and Random Neural Network as machine learning techniques were deployed to design the models. A set of the quality-affecting parameters was used as an input to the designed parametric estimation models in order to estimate a quality of synthesized speech transmitted over IP networks (VoIP environment). The performance results obtained for the designed parametric estimation models have validated both genetic programming and random neural network as powerful techniques, delivering good accuracy and generalization ability; this makes them perspective candidates for quality estimation of this type of speech in the corresponding environment. The developed parametric models can be helpful for network operators and service providers in a planning phase or early-development stage of telecommunication services based on synthesized speech.

This article deals with the challenges that are faced by micro and small enterprises using data. After naming main hypotheses of the research, the attention is paid to definitions of big and small data and to their comparison. In the paper, analyses of the connections between big data and Internet are given. The main attention is paid to the use of big data in micro and small enterprises through the analyses of needed skills, organizational changes and big data management including possible pros and cons. As a special item, the analysis of risks and implementation is given. The analyses are supported with a lot of research results and numerous literature sources. At the end of the article there are conclusions about directions how micro and small enterprises should use big data and how to invest rationally in big data.

This article presents a dimensioning of capacity of access node (Black Diamond 12 804R) for IPTV source (6 channels of IPTV), which was one part of our project with Slovak Telecom. We describe IPTV traffic by two mathematic models and use Effective bandwidth for dimensioning of required link capacity with respect to QoS.

This paper reviews the key protocols used for multimedia delivery both over privately owned managed IP Networks such as IPTV and public non-managed IP Networks such as WebTV. Within these two worlds, the choice between protocols is based on the characteristics of the multimedia service required, the media server and the client's receiver.Users have different expectations of these two delivery platforms and also of different output devices such as TV, PC, tablet or mobile phone. In an IPTV environment, which is a paid-service, users demand the Quality of Service (QoS) they pay for; different quotas provide different services to users. On the other hand, with WebTV, which is a free service, clients have lower quality expectations.There are multiple multimedia delivery systems used across both platforms, using different protocols to deliver multimedia from server to one or multiple clients. These include Real-Time Protocol (RTP), Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP), Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) and Microsoft Smooth Streaming Protocol (MS- SSTR).RTP, RTCP and RTSP are the main protocols used in IPTV while RTMP, HTTP, HLS and MS-SSTR are protocols used mainly for WebTV. This paper will explore the main differences and similarities between them and the reasons behind the choice of one or the other. This review paper also briefly outlines a testbed being developed by the authors to synchronise media streams using a subset of these protocols.

In Turkey, municipalities provide a major portion of the city public transportation service. Since the service has to be provided potentially to every resident, and at a low price, municipalities are often left struggling with negative balance. This implies that operating under low cost is essential for survivability. We conduct a study to analyze the public bus transportation system in Ankara which is the capital city of Turkey. The analysis reveals that there exist inefficiencies in the service due to fleet allocation, routing, dispatch frequency, and scheduling of the vehicles. Considering the daily and hourly transportation needs of the passengers, we determine routes, dispatch frequencies and schedules through a mixed integer programming model. The solution of the model is compared with the current practice under performance measures such as demand coverage, transit duration, and cost. Results show that there is potential for improvement.

IPTV (Internet Protocol television) is one of the fast-growing communication services of the past years. Unfortunately, there is a lack of standardized deployed solutions and operators need to to rethink their position before upgrading IPTV solutions for next generation TV (HD TV and 3D TV). An efficient and up-to-date Interoperability Test Specification for IMS-Based IPTV is one of the opportunities for service providers and network operators to evaluate different features and services. TISPAN Release 3 covers many new use cases and features for IPTV (like user generated content, target advertising, etc.) and possible interactions with Voice/Data communications such as Social TV, Incoming Voice call management and notification on TV screen. In this paper, we will first provide a general overview of interoperability testing and its features. On an Instant Messaging use case, we will provide test descriptions including an end user test sequence as well as high level message flows at key standardized reference points in the TISPAN IMS-based IPTV infrastructure.

This article deals with embedded SIP communication server with an easy integration into the computer network based on open source solutions and its effective defense against the most frequent attack in the present - Denial of Service. The article contains brief introduction into the Bright Embedded Solution for IP Telephony - BESIP and describes the most common types of DoS attacks, which are applied on SIP elements of the VoIP infrastructure including the results of defensive mechanism that has been designed.

The main aim of the paper is to evaluate the primary factors affecting the safe available evacuation time with the utility of computer modelling, namely Consolidated Model of Fire and Smoke Transport (CFAST) computer model by NIST. The traditionally accepted base value of 2.5 minutes, used in many design standards, may not be appropriate due to its very generalised nature. Hence, a multi-criteria analysis is carried out in which four standard fire scenarios (fire growth rates) are modelled in a set of compartments with varying geometry. The simulation results are assessed against a range of critical conditions, including visibility, toxicity and temperature. Obtained safe available evacuation times are then compared to the standardised values used in design. The results show that the standardised times derived from the 2.5-minutes base value are not as conservative as believed; both under- and overprediction have been identified. The outcomes indicate that a review of the standardised available safe evacuation times should be carried out.

The paper illustrates the theoretical basis of a new device called MUMS - Modular Underground Monitoring System - and one of its applications. MUMS has been designed for monitoring of underground displacements through a continuous and automated data acquisition system. MUMS instrumentation can be used to monitor the deformation of natural and artificial slopes as well as geotechnical structures. The device consists of a series of nodes located at known distances along a connecting rope and is installed within a vertical borehole. Each node measures its local rotation relative to the vertical axis by means of a 3D micro electro-mechanical acceleration sensor (MEMS). The direction cosines of each node are calculated in order to determine the 3D shape and deformation of the entire borehole. The paper illustrates an interesting application of MUMS in natural slopes and points out the benefits of the system.

The paper deals with emergency medical service planning using methods of mathematical programming. The goal is to offer a support tool to the health management evaluating the emergency system quality and efficiency. Mathematical models are implemented in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. Special attention is paid to the Zilina region.

The main subject of the research presented in this paper is assessment of Polish supervisors with use of 4E+1P principle, 12 golden rules and Toyota's principles. This is a part of research conducted within the confines of BOST method, based on the rules of Toyota's system. This test method can be successfully used both in production and service institutions. There are two versions of the survey questionnaire: for supervisors and staff. The questionnaire includes also: the most important areas of improvement, visual control of factors, elements of the manufacturing process, competitive products, assessment of the supervisors and manufacturing processes. The results of research are presented as tables and bar charts.

This paper deals with the topic of value network importance for the new trends in communication. It describes the main definition of distribution and place, and their relations with the value network. The value network is described as a network of all relevant factors impacting the product where the product is in the network's centre. The case of Apple iPod is provided as an example of the value network. E-commerce and digital distribution are also described in the paper as new communication trends. Discussion deals with main text results and authors' opinions.

Existing buildings are responsible for over 40 % of the world´s total primary energy consumption (data from IEA). The EU adopted the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive [1], which obliges Member States to reduced 20 % in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2020 compared with 1990 levels, a 20 % cut in energy consumption through improved energy efficiency by 2020 and a 20 % increase in the use of renewable energy by year 2020. The Directive also requires Member States to ensure that, after year 2020, all new buildings in the EU will have to consume “nearly zero” energy.
Slovakia has excellent availability of wood and therefore it would be appropriate to build the family houses as wooden houses in combination with light sandwich envelope structures.
However, more extensive use is still hampered by the prejudice about disadvantages of wooden structures, which are from the past.
This paper evaluates the results of calculation and measuring two wooden family houses, located in the Slovak Republic, from the perspective of low energy construction and sustainable development principles. The first one is a wooden house constructed in the year 2000 and built under valid thermo-technical standards. The second one is a newly built passive family house. The results of energy calculations and measurements under real conditions in situ are presented. The calculations of the theoretical evaluation are appraised in accord with the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2002/91/EC [2] and EU and Slovak standards or codes.
Environmental evaluations are performed for existing buildings and the results are confronted with the values from various buildings based on different materials (lightweight concrete blocks and lime-sand bricks).

The paper deals with problems of influence of parallel parking on urban roads for road traffic safety. It shortly refers to evaluation of normative principles related to parking of road vehicles in the Czech Republic.It presents the results of analysis of traffic participant behavior on the particular section of inhabited area by use of video analysis of conflict situations. Thus it is pointed out to a possibility of application of this methodology in execution of safety inspections on roads, for example.

The article describes and analyses toxic substances produced during a combustion of plastics which affect human health. Accidents and emergencies resulting from the combustion of plastic materials occur very often during the industrial production and technological processes. The authors illustrate this fact using the most recent example - the fire in the manufacturing and logistics premises in Chropyne, the Czech Republic, during which the professional as well as volunteer firefighters and the specialized fire rescue service units were employed.

There are still a lot of riveted steel railway bridges built in the first half of 20th century in service, and so it is important to pay attention to their evaluation. Their fatigue resistance represents one of the most determining factors on decision making process oriented to possibility of their further exploitation after finishing their planned service life. The standard method of fatigue assessment according to Eurocode EN 1993-1-9 is based on categorization of structural details, which reflects their predisposition to fatigue failure. The paper deals with laboratory investigation of the riveted connection of stringer to cross beam of a railway bridge deck. This structural detail is typical by frequent occurrence of fatigue cracks, but its categorization according to standard mentioned above is at least questionable. In order to investigate and define the fatigue category of this detail more properly, the laboratory tests on specially adapted specimens were performed.

Numerous and wide-ranging initiatives are being pursued all over the world today to help pass on a sound natural environment to future generations. Automotive production is one of Slovakian leading industries. Because of urgent priority on protecting the environment, it is inevitable for manufacturers to be engaged in ongoing efforts to develop more environmentally friendly automobiles and a more viable infrastructure for them - one in which provisions for environmental protection, including recycling, constitute an essential part. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is atool for the systematic evaluation of the environmental aspects of aproduct or service system through all stages of its life cycle. The article is focused on some possibilities of improving the environmental safety of motor vehicles especially by application of the LCA in automobile production.

The paper analyses the influence of the duration of atmospheric corrosion on basic mechanical and fatigue properties of steel sheet 2.16-4.46 mm thick, made of low-carbon steel with higher atmospheric corrosion resistance. A decrease of mechanical properties as a function of the exposure time is mainly due to a weight loss and the fatigue limit decrease under flat bending is due to increased surface roughness weathering steel too. The fatigue limit is a crucial characteristic for the service life of products, since after 5 years of exposure it decreased by 36%, while the ultimate tensile strength decreased by as little as 8%.

One can look at the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) as at the source and storage of information useful for the safety, fluency and comfort of road traffic, which makes it a valuable tool for ITS. Our research is focused on data dissemination in VANET. We perceive the nodes of VANET as the nodes of a distributed database system (DDBS). As such they do not only store data but they also create new data. Normally, in the course of time the data lose their usefulness. The system we designed was tested by means of a computer simulation carried out by the simulation tool AdHocSim.FRI.

The paper aims at gathering information about attacks from real internet infrastructure and their analysis. For this purpose, we prepared a set of honeypots monitoring various aspects of VoIP infrastructure including SIP endpoint and SSH terminal emulation. SIP endpoints are registered with real SIP registrar and the incoming calls are routed to a honeypot according the rules in dialplan. The honeypot gathers valuable data about hacker's activity with no threat to production systems. Analysis of the honeypot data is crucial for further improvement of existing security mechanisms in VoIP networks. The paper describes the honeypot's behaviour and brings an analysis of a detected malicious activity as well.