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Deployment of optical communication technologies into the core networks has allowed improvements in the transmission characteristics. Further penetration towards the end-user customers has brought online multimedia services. Increasing demand for a quality of service and new types of multimedia services challenges current state of the art technologies and drives not only coming technological trends. Recently emerging DPSK (Differential Phase Shift Keying) format is described and impact of OSNR (Optical Signal to Noise Ratio) level and laser linewidth on its performance is investigated in the environment of Virtual Photonics simulation software. Behavior of used modulation format within WDM (Wavelength-Division Multiplexing) system is examined at four channel's WDM system.

The paper presents the model of air passenger processes at airports for single source and two source processes. It shall be used as a component for the development of passenger flow model. In the paper the single source model is applied on passenger check-in process. It is based on deterministic queuing model where cumulative diagrams of the flow are used for calculations. As input data the model requires the arrival and service profile of passengers at the check-in. The arrival profile is a cumulative number of passengers arriving to the server during the time. The service profile is a cumulative number of passengers which can be served by the check-in process. The calculation of average waiting time and average length of the waiting queue is presented in the paper. In latter part of the paper the case of two source process is discussed.

One of construction possibilities of a time table is the implementation of systematic timetabling. In systematic timetabling, the trains' paths are ordered regularly (thus systematically). In cargo transport there exist a range of possibilities of using an "integrated tact timetable", which ensures time and space sequences among individual services, forwarders or other kinds of transport. A net-system of service is used in intermodal transport trains, which ensures a net-wide service of each intermodal terminal in the network. The Hub and Spoke system (H&S) is used the most. The intermodal train model of route location in a chosen network is presented in this article. The methods of genetic algorithm were used for finding the result. The modelling of trains' paths lies in the minimization of intermodal unit transhipment times in intermodal transport ranges.

The human environment is always influenced by enterprise activity, which is mostly negative. The introduction of an Environmental Management System (EMS) can be an important step towards fulfilling the principles of sustainable development on a practical level. However, there are few ways of EMS implementation. Authors of the paper present and analyze possible approaches of EMS implementation in Slovak enterprises. According to this analysis possible development trends in the environmental management can be indicated.

These days goods, capital, and labor move freely across borders. During the last forty years international trade has increased by 1500 % as tariffs have fallen from 50 % to less than 5 %. That is why multinational companies like Exxon do two-thirds of their business outside the US and components for the new Ford come from fifteen different countries. The management of global companies as well as the management of brands internationally has partly become a cross-cultural issue where communication across nations takes the crucial role on the way to success.

The contribution deals with the analysis of postmodern plurality by applying the term a "language game" to the postmodern condition. It makes use of the word that originally derives from Wittgenstein's analytic philosophy and was supplemented with Lyotard's conception that sees the society as the multi-central body consisting of many independent areas. It tries to emphasise the advantages of the situation such as freedom of expressions, wide range of options to choose from, creativity, but faces up disorganization. It examines the possibility of development and the role of knowledge in the situation of plurality.

The paper describes the National Institute for Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Protection involvements with regards to the development of methods and procedures related to Safety Engineering. It provides general information about the Institute's activities, history, presence and objectives for the near future to illustrate its role, tasks and responsibilities. The Institute's added values that consist in its share to the reduction of safety risks and incident consequences are presented and discussed in details.

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is an area currently developing very fast. The key to the ITS success will definitely be the implementation of services which would be solving all of the requirements of the road transportation participants. The article proposes the architecture to be used to control the services provided within the intelligent transportation systems. The architecture presupposes using semantically modelled information to be able to find new services in more intelligent way, to preliminarily distinguish unknown services and use them anyway.

The use of High Altitude Platforms is a promising solution towards the integration of different wireless networks. Complex-based High Altitude Platform communication systems can offer high quality wireless services combined with enhanced bandwidth efficiency. Inter-system handover and power control are major factors affecting the provided quality of service. The impact of these factors under strong fading environments is studied in the present work.

Public passenger transport aim is to provide transport service in a given region to ensure connection for inhabitants in villages and periphery with the center of economic, social, educational and cultural activities. The paper deals with the results of the study "C 519/2/HÚ1/1.6. Public Road Passenger Transport in a solved area". The definition of public passenger transport service has been created using collected land use and transport data from Žilina region. The definition is very important for financing public transport from state, regional governments and communities' budgets because of covering documentary loss probability.

Correct consideration of the service load effects plays a very important role on assessment of railway bridges, especially on fatigue assessment. Eurocode EN 1991-2 introduces twelve types of service trains and prescribes their sequel in normal and heavy duty. The service trains, consisting of locomotive and defined number of wagons, are specified by amount of axle forces and distances between them. However, there is no commentary which would illuminate a background of the service trains technical data. Consequently, it is difficult to say how representative the service load models specified in this standard prescription are in comparison with the actual railway traffic effects, namely in conditions of the Slovak Railways. Therefore, the paper deals with confrontation of the actual railway traffic load effects and the effects of traffic load defined in EN 1991-2. The confrontation is based on fatigue assessment of existing railway bridge truss girder.

Precasting can solve complicated structural details, ambitious demands to quality of surface arrangements and manage hard terms filling at present. The prestressed precast girders are produced to 30.0 m span and are distributed for the realization of big shopping centers. The design and realization of the prestressed precast tie-beam for a skeleton system is presented in this paper. The experimental and numerical analyses were performed to verify the safety and reliable acting of the girder for the next service.

The article deals with the problematics of generating calendar text descriptions based on their bit map. We introduce the description of the algorithm we have designed, its basic ideas and parts. We also present the results of testing the successfulness of the algorithm before it is primarily used.

Rail transport plays akey role in transport services within adomestic and international scope. In the scope of social and economic changes and the dynamically developing transport sector, it is the task of railways to analyse and programmatically prepare its management. In the context of European and national traffic policy the strategy of Railways of the Slovak Republic (ZSR - Zeleznice Slovenskej republiky) identifies the need for successful technological and company development in the coming decades. This short paper of ZSR strategy contributes to better knowledge and apositive presentation of the direction of ZSR towards bodies of state administration and partner organizations within adomestic and international scope.

The EU is the world's largest energy importer, relying on imports for 50 % of its energy needs. With an energy demand forecast likely to grow by 1-2 % a year, that figure will over the coming 20-30 years rise to 70 %.The Geothermie is an inexhaustible energy source. With the supplies, which are stored in our planet, in principle the world-wide power requirement could be covered. The Geothermie, or terrestrial heat, is the warmth stored in the upper (accessible) part of the earth's crust. It covers the energy, as far as it can be extracted and used, stored in the earth, and ranks among the regenerative energies. It can be used both directly, approximately for heating and cooling in the heating market, and for the production by electric current or in a force heat coupling.Production of heat using geothermal energy can be obtained in two very distinct ways. The first consists of directly exploiting subterranean water tables whose temperatures are included between 30 °C and 150 °C (so-called medium and low temperature applications). The second makes use of geothermal heat pumps that come under the heading of so-called very low temperature applications.

The paper deals with using dynamic simulations in fields of construction, production and operating of railway vehicles. It contained process of dynamics solution of choices referent vehicle by the help special solution software - MSC ADAMS. The creating of virtually model included creating model for railway vehicle and the model of track which is assigned for motion of railway vehicle. In the end of paper there are summary of obtained data from dynamic analysis which give us integrated view of railway vehicle behavior by the run on given track.

In the contribution, on the base of a systematic study of evolution trends in the field of population protection in some European countries, current looks on a wide-spectral approach of this issue were generalized. The contribution deals with: Protection of population as an integrated system, Risks and threats, Mission, Main tasks, Powers, Rescue entities, Management structures, Service model, Education and training, Protective infrastructure, and International co-operation. In connection with the necessity of research support of measures for population protection, the current state in this issue in the Czech Republic was described.

"Good quality" human resource management is a source of competitive advantage for companies in the field of personal services, especially in customer service.Customers' opinion of overall service quality is very much influenced by the impression, when they encounter front-line staff. HR management can be regarded as "good quality" if it is able to ensure that staff members working on the front line are professionally and emotionally well-prepared, and committed. It can only perform its function if it is able to adopt a new approach. As an internal service provider it strives to support workers in both meeting corporate requirements and achieving their individual goals. In the case of service companies with networks change inevitably requires giving local management a broader scope of authority in the field of human resource management, as well as preparing local management for carrying out its increasing range of functions.

Nowadays in the territory of Slovak republic, the property protection and security systems design lies in realization of requirements following from security requirements specifying details of tangible property protection (Law, Risk Analyze, Internal regulations of the company). In this article, three basic approaches to secure physical protection of property will be introduced. There is directive-oriented, variant-oriented and variable way of physical protection. For the most effective way of protection we can consider the variable way of protection, which allows due to its flexibility designing of the system in such a way, that it best suits requirements, conditions and possibilities of the subject.

One of the goals of EU transport policy is the implementation of integrated control systems to control transport processes in all means of transport, including the systems for water transportation. Recent deployment of information and communication technologies on inland waterways brings noticeable impact in security and efficiency of transport. Based on this, the European Council and Parliament issued the directive concerning harmonized River Information Services (RIS) on inland waterways around European Union Member States. Its aim is the harmonized implementation of information and communication systems on the network of European inland waterways.

It is fairly questionable to estimate future costs in the problems of strategic decision. The uncertainty may cause that a resulting solution could be very inefficient considering current costs. In this report we try to find an approach, which enables to determine a unique solution of a location problem under uncertain costs so that the solution be resistant to future changes. We deal with a sensitivity analysis and with a connection of an exact mathematical programming method and the theory of fuzzy sets.

The authors deal with the threat of international terrorism for the EU and global community and target the attention to infrastructure, critical infrastructure and rail transport. They analyse the EU approach towards the protection of critical infrastructure and point out the core criteria and principles of processing the protective system in separate countries. Moreover they concentrate on the protection of rail transport and possibilities of terrorist attacks. The last part presents danger of radiological terrorism and danger related to transport of radiological material on rails.

The article deals with establishment of passenger information systems which are comprehensive and not limited to one or more individual operators or transport modes. The systems should be multi-lingual, disabled adapted, both inside and outside interchanges, and combine static (i.e. timetable) and dynamic data on both public and private transport services.

The paper deals with the modelling of transportation terminals operation (e.g. marshalling yards, factories, train care centres, airports, etc.) utilizing generic simulation tool Villon, which was developed using agent based simulation architecture ABAsim. Villon is complete simulation tool providing support for creation, configuration, experimentation and results evaluation tasks connected with simulation modelling of transportation terminals. Villon's unique features like its flexibility, detailed microscopic modelling of operation of various types of terminals, flowchart driven definition of operational procedures, user interaction, selection of decision strategies, 3D animation output and model creation process are explained. Project references and problems that can be addressed using presented simulation tool are also mentioned.

The article is devoted to risk assessment of underground structures from the point of view of their existence, operation and human failure (of users and/or operators). Two likely instances of their abuse for disseminating poisonous substances in an urban agglomeration are described. Both possibilities have been scrutinized using either physical simulation or an in-situ experiment. The distribution of agent depending on chosen parameters (agent's imitation, meteorological conditions, etc.) was verified on Prague's Old Town Square model in an aerodynamic tunnel. The in situ experiment with surrogates was performed at underground subway changing station. The parameters, results of the experiments and conclusions are discussed in detail.

Critical infrastructure can be taken as aphenomenon of recent time. Not only theory but also practice has shown that solving problems of the protection of critical infrastructure, especially ensuring its functionality, is a necessary precondition for the operation of public authorities, services, the viability of aregion, area or country. The first step to protect the critical infrastructure must be the identification of risks endangering the security of single systems or elements. The contribution deals with the problems of searching for and denoting these risks and by looking for their interrelations.

Creation and programming new services are considered as crucial for the Internet telephony (IPT). A number of protocols have been defined for IPT, however, one of them - the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) seems to be the most relevant thanks to its manifold features. The SIP offers many forms that can be used for programming new IPT services. One of them is to use the SIP baseline protocol mechanisms, the other - to define extensions to the baseline SIP protocol specification (defining new headers, new methods). Finally, the dedicated programming tools such as a Call Processing Language - SIP CPL, Common Gateway Interface - SIP CGI, SIP-servlets, Java applets, Java API for Integrated Networks - JAIN APIs, Parlay can be used for creation of new IPT services. In this paper we focus on one of the SIP IPT features allowing creation and control of IPT services by the end user himself - CPL (Call Processing Language).

In this article, on the basis of his theoretical and practical experience, the author tried to outline briefly the main principles and rules of protection of important objects nowadays, when there is higher hazard of possible terrorist attack. His conclusions may significantly stand interested people in these problems from both professional and laical public in good stead, as abasis or "point of bounce". It can help significantly to specialists from this field.

In the paper defectoscopic susceptibility of machine elements is analyzed. At first, an objective notion is defined and presented in a practical situation. The defectoscopic susceptibility as a feature can be considered and described also as a system consisting of two subsystems and a collection of non-technical factors. The subsystems are defined as a group of many factors. A mathematical structure of selected factors was shown as an example. Some factors of defectoscopic and diagnostic susceptibilities were calculated and gathered for selected parts of a motor vehicle and for air conditioning systems of selected models of cars. The calculated values of those factors enable us to quantitatively assess such features of a machine as its various susceptibilities. They can be practically used in the design, manufacture and maintenance not only of machines, but also of equipment for examination and service of machines and their subassemblies.

This contribution deals with a distribution system design problem, in which the located facilities satisfy all customer demands under limited abilities. The objective is to minimize the total costs, including both fixed charges and service costs. A special approach based on Lagrangean relaxation will be discussed here for its ability to cope with limited capacities of located facilities. Using the Lagrangean relaxation, the model of the original problem is rearranged to a model, which can be solved by exact algorithms for considerably large size. The capacities of the located facilities bring serious difficulties concerning solving technique, in the cases, where real-sized facility location problems are solved. In contrast to an uncapacitated facility location problem, which can be solved exactly in reasonable time for real-sized case containing hundreds of possible locations and thousands of customers.In this paper, we shall discuss a transformation of the capacitated location problem into the uncapacitated location problem by means of Lagrangean relaxation of capacity constraints. To demonstrate the efficiency of the studied approach, numerical experiments were performed and their results are reported in the concluding part of this paper.