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The sustainability of international transport remains a critical topic of concern in both theory and practice. Ideally, scientific literature should align with practical needs, but such concurrence is not always present. This disparity is also evident in the specific issue of consignment delivery, which is currently of a great practical importance but lacks sufficient coverage in scientific literature. This paper aims to analyse current trends in maritime transport and their relevance to achieving global sustainability in international transportation. Additionally, it seeks to compare these findings with the practical needs and requirements of the industry, in order to provide constructive recommendations for further research. To accomplish this objective, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using scientific databases, including Web of Science and/or SCOPUS.

Logistic regression has been a widely used prediction technique to analyze categorical variables. However, if the assumptions are violated the results may be biased. The study in this paper applied an analytical technique namely generalized ordered logit model. A case study of using urban light rail under pandemic conditions was applied for the analysis. The results suggested that logistic regression should not be applied before exploring the multicollinearity and applying the test of parallel lines. If the assumptions are violated, generalized ordered logit model should be considered. Regarding the predictive variables, sociodemographic, socioeconomic and travel pattern, related variables were found to have a statistically significant impact on the perception of safety and infrastructure of urban light rail. The outcomes of the study would provide a deeper understanding of developing regression models for categorical variables for future studies.

This research proposed bacteria-treated concrete, which is highly desirable because the mineral precipitation induced from microbial activities is pollution free and natural. This study investigates the effects of Bacillus Licheniformis, Bacillus Cohnii and mixed bacteria on compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity test, rapid chloride penetration test, microstructural analysis and bacteria cell concentration of 10 ⁵cell/ml of normal and self-compacting mortars made with and without fly ash for 7 and 28 days. With self-compacting mortar, the compressive strength of Bacillus Licheniformis improved by 30.3 % and by adding Bacillus Cohnii in 28 days, the ion penetration value decreased. Finally, it was observed that the deposition of calcium carbonate in mortar improved compressive strength using SEM-EDS and XRD with compound polymorphisms of calcite, vaterite, quartz, and Hautirite.

The risk assessment of the area, with emphasis on the transport infrastructure, is dealt with in this paper. Disruption of some elements of transport infrastructure can lead to major negative impacts on the functioning of society, economies or states. The article therefore starts with presentation of the characteristics and importance of the road transport infrastructure with regard to its vulnerability. The core of the paper is the identification of vulnerable elements of road transport infrastructure and their parts and the subsequent vulnerability assessment of the selected element of the road transport infrastructure in the selected area. Therefore, the aim of the research, presented in this paper, was to propose a method for identifying and assessing the vulnerability of road transport infrastructure elements using the latest approaches in the field of vulnerability assessment. The proposed vulnerability assessment procedure is applied in the conditions of the city of Rajec in Slovakia.

The article highlights is determination of the main strength indicators of the modernized brake lever transmission for a wagon bogie. The special feature of this modernization is that the technological pin-hole in the strut is displaced by 112 ± 2 mm towards the bolster beam, i.e., in line with the pendulum joints. This helps to eliminate abnormal wear of the brake pads in operation. To substantiate the proposed modernization, the strength of the brake lever transmission was calculated. It was found that the maximum equivalent stresses were 124 MPa; they occurred in the tension member. The resulting stresses did not exceed the permissible values. Thus, the proposed modernization measures are appropriate.
This research could improve the safety of rail freight operations and profitability of the rail transport.

Military tourism is one of the forms of tourism that is not sufficiently researched throughout Poland. It is only in recent years, after the period of political transformation, that interest in this phenomenon has been growing every year. This research has aimed to indicate the possibilities of military tourism development in northern and northeastern Poland. It includes an analysis of data concerning the Naval Museum in Gdynia, the "Wolf's Lair" Fortress in Gierloz and an example of a military event - an air show, which took place on the premises of the 44th Airborne Museum in Gdynia. Results of the analysis of the military tourism development in northern and northeastern Poland indicate that military sites and military-themed events attract considerable tourist traffic and play an important role in the overall development of tourism.

The established mode of operation of the conveyor with a nominal linear load is the most economically advantageous from the point of view of increasing the energy efficiency of mineral transportation, in which the cargo flow with minerals corresponds to the nominal productivity of the conveyor. An increase in the linear load of the working branch of the traction-bearing body to a nominal value reduces the share of unproductive consumption due to which energy savings are achieved for a certain period of time, characterized by its hourly average value.

The authors examine the negative impact of objective and subjective factors on the quality of work of periodical technical inspection stations (PTI) technicians. In this context, the authors conducted a survey among the PTI technicians and vehicle operators. From the results formulated in the article, it emerged that the quality of PTI technicians' work, and thus the entire PTI, is negatively affected mainly by the high degree of subjectivity entrusted to PTI technicians, when evaluating the technical condition of vehicles (94.12 %) and the resulting scope for incorrect judgments and influencing the result of PTI (corruption, acquaintances), and the approach of PTI owners (influencing technical inspections results due to fear of losing customers, pressure on quantity over quality, method of rewarding the PTI technicians, etc.). The authors also propose some measures to improve the quality of PTI activities.

A novel approach for traffic congestion assessment has been presented using percentile speeds as key indicators, focusing on urban roads. By evaluating the 98th, 85th, and 15th percentile speeds, authors of the research developed a congestion severity index, offering a more precise and intuitive method for analyzing traffic flow compared to traditional travel time-based indices. Key congestion indices, such as the Planning Time Index (PTI) and Travel Time Index (TTI) were compared to percentile speeds, revealing a significant association with the 15th and 85th percentile speeds. The K-means clustering technique was applied to classify congestion severity into three levels, validated by a high silhouette value indicating the robust clustering. The study's speed-based congestion severity index provides a practical and efficient framework for real-time congestion management, particularly in heterogeneous traffic environments.

The purpose of this research was, among other things, to show that the carpooling model can be regarded as a manifestation of collective intelligence and a response to the crisis of sustainability in today's ICT-based economy, which makes carpooling services a cheaper alternative to transportation services provided by other modes of transport: train and bus. The main research problem is contained in the question: How do collective intelligence and the tenets of sustainability influence the popularity of carpooling and the lower cost of carpooling services, compared to those provided by other forms of transportation? The critical literature analysis method, the comparison method and the statistical method, among others: the Mann Whitney U test and the Kruskal Wallis ANOVA test, were used in implementation of the study.

During the movement of the train in various operational regimes, a series of deficiencies arise in the mechanical components, which depend on kinematic and parametric factors affecting the working conditions of the traction drive. An innovative traction drive is discussed in this article, which prevents the non-uniform distribution of parametric factors, as well as dissipative, inertial, and elastic characteristics along the length of the track.

This work describes the features and methods of measuring the forces of interaction between the wheel pairs and rails by measuring wheel deformations at control points. The work also contains recommendations for direct measurements of the forces of interaction between the wheels and rails to determine the actual margin of stability of wheel pairs from derailment. The result of the work is general requirements for the system of direct measurement of the strength of interaction of the high-speed rolling stock wheel pairs with rails and scientifically based recommendations for direct measurement of the interaction forces of wheels and rails. The problems of interaction between the wheel pairs and rails do not significantly depend on the track width and are general in nature for different countries of the world.

The development and simulation of a mathematical model for a hybrid powertrain vehicle, aiming to optimize its energy efficiency and dynamic performance is presented in this study. Implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, the model captures the dynamic interactions between the hybrid system's components, including the internal combustion engine, electric motor, and battery. By conducting a full factorial experiment, the specific power of the hybrid vehicle was analyzed, revealing the critical influence of factors such as driving speed, road gradient, and battery state of charge. The proposed model demonstrated a discrepancy of 4-11% between the simulated and experimental results, confirming its adequacy for forecasting energy consumption and operational range. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing the hybrid vehicle performance and sustainability through precise energy management strategies.

The paper presents a methodology to evaluate a rescue and training phantom for road rescuing organized by Police officers. The methodology is exemplified by the Crash Kelly phantom, static and dynamic functionalities of which seem to be more frequently implemented in the road safety training processes. It stems from a morphological analysis, focusing on the quality of rescue activities, emergency resources' adequacy and the training levels. In addition, experts' evaluation allows to examine phantoms using 6 practically determined criteria, expressing their strengths and weaknesses in analysed context.
The results introduce Crash Kelly as a reference training equipment for Police officers dedicated to rescue victims after the road accidents. Basing on the research results, practical training guidelines are formulated.

The purpose of the research was an experimental study of the dynamic processes of interaction between a TE33A diesel locomotive and a railway track when passing along a curved section with a radius of 290 m. To study the dynamic and driving properties of the rolling stock, the analysis of the experimental data obtained was carried out. When performing the study, the following results were obtained: the indicators of the frame forces of each wheel were determined when moving the TE33A locomotive along a curve with a radius of 290 m; the coefficients of the vertical dynamics of the second suspension stage when moving the TE33A locomotive along a curve with a radius of 290 m are determined; axial stresses in the rails under the influence of the TE33A locomotive on the track with rails of grades R50 and R65 are determined.

With the spread of connected vehicles (CVs), a growth of novel information services exploiting data transmitted by CVs is expected. Wireless communication systems, in particular in vehicular applications, operate with a varying level of transmission reliability, which may affect the quality of V2X-data-driven intelligent transport systems (ITS). Therefore, the performance of ITS should be evaluated in a variety of conditions and the configuration of parameters should be fine-tuned in a safe testbed, using computer simulations. A simple framework is presented, which couples VISSIM traffic simulation and OMNeT++ communication networks simulation in real time, enabling an assessment of the relationship between a communication reliability and transport service quality. A functionality of the framework is demonstrated by applying it to a scheme controlling signalized intersections while estimating traffic flows from the V2I data.

This paper deals with the charging system and rail infrastructure fees use in V4 countries. The goal was to find out how the charges differ in terms of the train type, weight and distance traveled on different track categories. The charging principle for minimum access packages and for the access and services supplied in service facilities was investigated. Due to different technical, technological and other conditions for the rail infrastructure capacity utilization, the modeled situation was compared to the real one. This research shows differences between individual countries, both in the charging system and in the price for the rail infrastructure use (the prices were recalculated to € and in the PPP-purchasing power parity). It is interesting that the differences are not only significant with regard to the category of track used and the train's weight (especially in the freight transport), but with regard to other factors, as well, in particular the type of train and price for the use of railway stations.

Broadband telecommunication networks are the future of communication and distribution of multimedia services. Thanks to the high transmission potential and capacity of optical fibres, the optical networks are predestined to be more widely used in telecommunications considering the higher data rates through Triple Play services. This paper describes the impact of selected quality parameters on multimedia services defined as Triple Play within an optical network based on the EPON standard. The Triple Play services are then evaluated with measuring instruments and software applications according to QoS requirements and using evaluation methods based on generally defined standards. These are mainly subjective (listening and conversational) and objective (MSE, PSNR, SSIM) methods, or parameters (MOS) and factors (bitrate, delay, packet loss rate, jitter, BER) that are defined for the respective service. The values measured during the experimental tests were related to the limiting parameters of optical topology based on EPON networks for individual services according to their QoS requirements and objective user evaluation.

In the paper, the present state of scientific knowledge in authorising the types of railway vehicles in Slovakia and abroad is analysed by the authors. The aim of the authorisation of the types of railway vehicles is to take into account the interests of the whole society in the field of transport in the manufacturing of these vehicles or their import from abroad. These interests mainly include a greater security of transport, as well as a greater quality, reliability and lifespan of railway vehicles. The authors also analyse the Commission Recommendation 2014/897/EU of 5 December 2014 on matters related to the placing in service and use of structural subsystems and vehicles under Directives 2008/57/EC and 2004/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, which should contain instructions related to the matters in question. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account Directive (EU) 2016/797 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on the interoperability of the rail system within the European Union, and Directive (EU) 2016/798 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on the railway safety. In addition to ensuring the applicability of interoperability regulations (new directives, regulations, decisions, recommendations, etc.), the aim of this paper is to present a methodology of authorising the types of railway vehicles and a software model (SW) of authorising the types of railway vehicles, with European legislation as a possible tool to speed up and simplify the entire process. The paper is concluded by three types of authorisation processes for different railway vehicles and their accessories, comparing the length and complexity of processing using the standard authorisation process and using the SW tool proposed.

Earthquake and tsunami preparedness is important to plan, especially in the earthquake and tsunami-prone areas, such as Banda Aceh. This study evaluates the tsunami evacuation routes' performance using the width of the road, travel time and the Degree of Saturation (DS) parameter. Some of the Degree of Saturation (DS) of the road segment surprisingly reach 1.0 to 3.18, exceeding the recommended 0.75 standard DS ratio. That indicates that the existing roads cannot accommodate traffic flow during evacuation. This study recommends the evacuation process by walking. Thus, developing the pedestrian routes according to evacuation safety requirements is strongly encouraged. Further, more escape buildings reachable within 15 minutes of evacuation time should be planned in the area. The pedestrian routes need to be designed separately from that of the traffic flow.

Unfortunately, nowadays, choosing the right child seat is a real problem, especially for new parents. When choosing a child seat, parents have to consider many factors. These include the method of mounting the seat, the mass of the seat, compatibility with a pram and information about crash tests and approvals. The main purpose of the article is to draw attention to the problem of choosing a safe child seat and the purchasing preferences of parents or legal guardians who decide to buy a child seat. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on a group of 950 people with children. The conducted research has shown that the main parameter influencing the choice of a child seat is the price for men and the social opinion and mass of the child seat for women. In addition, research has shown that most people decide to buy a child seat based on the installation system using a standard ISOFIX base.

The authors of this manuscript present development of a prototype protective UV-C half-face mask. The first stage of this study focuses on proposing a UV-C half-face mask design and the second phase investigates the quality of printings, 3D/2D roughness and porousness of three different printed samples of PA12. Development of the protective half-face mask used the non-destructive technology of 3D scanning of the human body by the Ein Scan scanner. As a part of the experiment, three samples were prepared with Sinterit Lisa, EOS Formiga and HP jet fusion printers. SLS and MJF technology were used during the experiment. The experimental observation of the structure of the surface was secured using the Alicona Infinite focus G5 device. The conclusions present the study's results and the authors' recommendations for other developers dealing with the development of the protective face masks.

The rail rolling stock undercarriage condition monitoring is proposed by using an automated measuring system, located on the railway track and measuring the specified parameters of the wheels directly, while the train is moving. Regular undercarriage condition monitoring reduces the costs of preventive maintenance of rolling stock without compromising the traffic safety. An algorithm has been developed for the operation of a special software package for visualizing and assessing monitoring data on the condition of the undercarriage of rail rolling stock. The software package consists of separate software modules that can be used independently of each other. It is possible to make short- or long-term predictions of the behavior of any of the monitored parameters using an proposed automated measuring system.

A surprising number of people die on Polish highways every year. Despite the fact that number is decreasing year after year, it is still rather considerable. Due to the epidemic, the costs of the road accidents were significantly lowered, but they still remain fairly large. Understanding the roads where the majority of accidents happen and the anticipated number of accidents in the next years are necessary to lower this number. The purpose of the article was to forecast the number of accidents that would happen on Polish roads based on the kind of roads. To do this, annual accident statistics from the Police's statistics for the years 2001-2021 were reviewed, and a forecast for the years 2022-2031 was produced. It is clear that either the accident rate is increasing or it is steady. Predictions also suggest that a large increase in accidents on Polish roads may be expected given the current situation.

The impact of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) polymers and crumb rubber (CR) on bitumen's properties to enhance its performance was examined in this study. Laboratory samples were created with varying percentages of PPA (0.5 % to 2 %) and CR (6 % to 18 %) and subjected to extensive testing. Findings indicated that the combination of PPA and CR led to notable improvements in bitumen performance, including increased viscosity, softening point, elasticity, and recovery rates at elevated temperatures. Specifically, samples with 18 % CR and 1.0 % or 2.0 % PPA demonstrated exceptional rheological properties and strength. The optimal combination (18% CR and 1.0% PPA) resulted in a uniform structure, while the maximum CR content did not compromise bitumen integrity. Both additives effectively minimized temperature sensitivity and aging, enhancing the bitumen's performance class significantly.

To remain competitive in a transport market, railway needs to increase reliability and to reduce the transport costs. Timely detection of a fault or defect can prevent a possible accident and can reduce maintenance costs. This paper presents a model for selection of locations for wayside train monitoring systems that are used to detect faults on the wagons. We present two models: first, based on multi-criteria decision making method is used for selecting a macro location, and second model based on fuzzy logic is used to determine a micro location of a wayside train monitoring system work station on Serbian rail network.

Accident prediction models are mathematical expressions or algorithms used to determine the causal factors for road accidents and road safety engineers are using these models, as well. Modelling this kind of accident is quite challenging and required good quality of data. The results of the artificial neural network model, Gaussian processes model, and support vector machine model are compared for vulnerable road accident frequency in this study. The accident frequency dataset comprises 218 records, with 146 designated for training purposes and 72 reserved for testing. The model's accuracy was contingent on: the mean absolute error, root mean square error and coefficient of correlation. The findings suggest that for predicting the vulnerable road user accidents on roads, the artificial neural network gives better correlation results as (0.912) that the support vector machine (0.879) and Gaussian processes (0.853).

The lifespan prediction of the bus body of the load-bearing structure has been made and compared to the results of real operation. The maximum approximation of the simulation modelling results in Matlab Simulink to real operation is explained by taking into account a sufficient number of factors influencing durability. This research has the particularity that it allows determining the durability of the bus body even at the design stage, which was not possible with accelerated tests or during the operation of the bus on real routes. The obtained results can be used by bus manufacturers at the design stage, allowing them to change the construction and technology of anticorrosion protection, thereby influencing the durability. In addition, operating organizations will be interested in the obtained results when using the developed methodology in various operating conditions.

In this paper is given the definition of e reliability of a transport information system, with features of transport information systems listed. Equations for calculating reliability indicators are given, as well. The developed hierarchical graph model for assessing the reliability of transport information systems and an algorithm for analyzing the graph model, which allows taking into account the specifics of the reliability of the operation of system elements at different levels of the hierarchy, are presented. Using the graph model and the graph model analysis algorithm, it is possible to reasonably predict the strategy for the creation and development of transport information systems.

The paper presents a systematic quantitative and qualitative literature review and classification of the last decades resources for a comprehensive and coherent view of smart city and urban logistics research trends and challenges. The review fully respects a six-step systematic literature review guideline and covers ninety-nine peer-reviewed articles from Web of Science Core Collection database.